{"id":965,"date":"2013-06-26T11:04:44","date_gmt":"2013-06-26T04:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=965"},"modified":"2013-06-26T11:04:44","modified_gmt":"2013-06-26T04:04:44","slug":"cmmi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=965","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y coi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n r\u1ed3i?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, th\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i tin m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng h\u01a1n th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 1 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh CMMI.\u00a0 B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh ra 3% &#8211; 5% th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1ch \u0111o tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA) l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? L\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SQA) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a SQA l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. SQA ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho SQA b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, SQA s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh? Sao kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: Khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n: Qui tr\u00ecnh, Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ra sao. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, chung cu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: &#8220;Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CMMI?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n gian nan nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn l\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i khi nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb khan hi\u1ebfm hay khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 (m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u theo n\u00f3)<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng n\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li>ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m n\u00f3 cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li>c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a SEPG v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf \u0111i trong th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n SEPG l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5: \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<li>Vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed5: hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5: th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li>Quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5: c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0103n c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn quan s\u00e1t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh: Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft nhau v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qui t\u1eafc theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u201ct\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng tranh c\u00e3i\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e3o t\u1ed1: Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u201c\u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9\u201d v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1eadn th\u00f9 \u0111eo \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5;<\/li>\n<li>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: Khi t\u1ed5 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, cam k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c;<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi t\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ra \u0111i sau khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: Bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed: Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 l\u00ean, th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: Trong x\u00ea mi na c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u201cNh\u1eadp m\u00f4n v\u00e0o K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m,&#8221; th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng CMMI l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u00f5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (CMMI m\u1ee9c 3), l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch &#8220;\u0110\u00fang&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1? V\u1edbi \u201c\u0110\u00fang\u201d t\u00f4i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c 3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi: H\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1, K\u00e8m ngh\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u201cM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang\u201d l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 CMMI Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay P-CMMI. Xin th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: P-CMMI hay CMM Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5 sung cho CMMI. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a P-CMM l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, P-CMM c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, P-CMMI cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 CMMI, P-CMM c\u0169ng gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u0103n ho\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. P-CMM bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hay t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;-English version&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>CMMI-3<\/p>\n<p>Question: Do you think process improvement is a value-added activity or extra burden on the already very busy schedule?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: It depends on your view and working environment.\u00a0 If people were expected to complete projects based on an unrealistic schedule, or work in a very busy work environment that allows continual interruptions, then to think that they will be able to make meaningful improvements would be optimistic.<\/p>\n<p>I believe people would enjoy working on process improvement as long as it is NOT seen as an additional burden. When people understand that process improvement can make their working environment better, more pleasant, less busy, less disruption then they will see it as a value-added activity, and then treat it as part of their job.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: I want to improve my process in my level 1 organization following the CMMI model.\u00a0 What should be my first step?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: The first step in improving the software process is learning how to meet project goals and objectives. Only when having acquired the ability to do these, the organization can make further advances. The most important activity for a level 1 organization is achieving the ability to consistently meet project\u2019s schedule, cost, quality and functional commitments by setting aside 3% &#8211; 5% of staff time to look at current process, review weaknesses, identify strengths, collect data from project estimates and analyze them to come up with better estimates. Only with theses completely under control, you can set the stage for long-term improvement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: Why improvement is an evolutionary process?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: It is an evolution because it takes time. All processes must be defined, documented, used, measured, improved, maintained, supported and finally enforced.<\/p>\n<p>It is an evolution because it implies that something must be done before others. A basic project management control must be mastered before an organizational standard process can be developed. Baseline measurements must be established before management can use facts and data to make decision. Process must be solidly in place and fully institutionalized before organization can begin to optimize it and achieve world-class quality.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: What is the role of Software Quality Assurance (SQA) in software development process? How can they be responsible for quality when they are not developing software?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: It is a mistake to assume that Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is responsible for quality. The people who develop the software products are responsible for quality. The role of SQA is to review and monitor the way these software developers perform their jobs. SQA must conduct review and inform management about deviations from established standards, procedures, practices, and processes. Management must insist that these quality problems be fixed before the software product is released. Unless management demonstrates its support for SQA by following their recommendations, SQA will be ineffective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: Why do we emphasize too much on process improvement? Why not concentrate on people or technology?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: When we think of software process improvement, we must consider the balance of three components: Process, People and Technology. All three components play an important role in determining how successful the software process improvement is. We need good processes to accomplish our software development. We need good technology to support these processes. We also need highly skilled, motivated people to do the work by using those processes and technology. Therefore, ultimately people are responsible for the success or failure of the improvement effort.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: How much of a \u201cculture aspect\u201d is taken when implement CMMI?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: The hardest part of process improvement is in understanding the culture of the organization that you are trying to change. Culture is the organization\u2019s values, unwritten rules, and behaviors. Successful improvement programs are usually those that drive the change in the same direction as the culture. Obviously, to do this, the culture first needs to be understood. It is extremely important for an organization to understand its values and to reinforce them, if management continues to reward the people who does thing his\/her way and ignore teamwork process, then the culture value is on personal reward rather than teamwork.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: What are the indications of a successful process?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: A successful process:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does not go away when resource gets scarce or when people leave.<\/li>\n<li>is documented, trained, measured, used, verified then institutionalized (Everybody follow it)<\/li>\n<li>Gets improved by people who are actually using it<\/li>\n<li>People apply it to something else<\/li>\n<li>People begin to focus on customer issues rather than process issues<\/li>\n<li>Software people did it even it is NOT imposed by management<\/li>\n<li>People following it see real benefits, real changes<\/li>\n<li>There are clear measures of the change (Trends, metrics, data)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: I was hired as new manager of a SEPG that was established few years ago. The former manager left in frustration since the group is a dysfunctional team, people do what ever they want according to their own opinion, and not responsible for anything. How do I change them into an effective team? I do want the SEPG to work.<\/p>\n<p>Answer: To establish an effective team, there are five important components:<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Team goals: The team\u2019s sense of purpose and direction.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Team roles: An understanding of the ways in which work is to be allocated.<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Team processes: Operating procedures, the way the team conducts its business<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Team relationship: How the team members get along with each other.<\/p>\n<p>5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Team leadership: The capacity of the team to monitor and align both the team processes and relationship.<\/p>\n<p>How do teams develop? They develop in four stages and as a manager you must be careful to observe certain negative sign and take action:<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Forming: When team members get to know each other and establish the rule in which the team will operate. But you must be careful because the group may go to a \u201cdebate mood\u201d and not getting work done.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Storming: When team members \u201ccollide\u201d over the challenges facing the group. You must be careful because hostility could break out and create animosity that lingers with the team. Some people will try to assume leadership and create bad feeling among team members;<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Norming: When team move toward cooperation, commitment, and cohesion but sometime team will cooperate too much then focus into details and pass up the real solutions;<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Performing: When the team does want to do what it was chartered to do and the team may not want to quit after problems has been solved and continue to refine the problem past acceptable limit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: Our software requirements continue to change weekly. It seems that our customer can not make up their mind. What can we do to be effective?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: Requirement development is both a negotiating and a creative process. This means that management must be involved in the process, beside customer and software developer.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The customer: Know their business need and how it supposed to work. As they discuss solutions with the developers, they will gain new insights on their problems and often change their views.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Developer: Know the technical issues, what is feasible, and what can be done in a reasonable time and cost.<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Management: Know that requirements can be inherently unlimited, and a good business requires both creativity and reality. They must review requirements to ensure that it can be done within available time and cost.<\/p>\n<p>As requirement development evolves, new information is gained that will likely affect the compromises already made. That is why requirements development is seldom complete (Waterfall life cycle do not work very well in this situation). To be effective, Manager must involve in this process, insist on prototype technique, and select incremental release life cycle which is a better option.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: In your \u201cIntroduction to Software Engineering\u201d seminar, you mentioned that the CMMI is a common sense approach to risk management. What is risk management?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: In a chaotic environment, people are constantly reacting to whatever happens to them and losing sight of the importance of strategic thinking and decision-making.<\/p>\n<p>Risk management is a systematic approach to making strategic decisions while dealing with crises. A strategic decision is a well informed decisions based on a set priority that indicate which problems must be dealt with first.<\/p>\n<p>In software development, project management is the foundation to manage risk. If you cannot control requirements changes, managing changes, meeting schedules and resources estimates then you cannot manage risk and if you cannot manage risk you cannot improve.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: If an organization does not have a defined process (CMMI Level 3), how do you train new engineer in the \u201cRight\u201d way of doing thing? By \u201cRight\u201d I mean whatever the organization thinks is the right way?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: Organization does not have to be a level 3 in order to do thing right. There is several way of training new engineer: Apprenticeship, Mentoring, but probably the most important is communication among engineers on past experience on similar projects. A \u201cRight working environment\u201d is where people freely communicate and share technical solutions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Question: I heard of a People CMMI or P-CMMI. Can you tell me about it? Where can I get information on this?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: P-CMMI or People CMM is the latest model released by the Software Engineering Institute as a complement to the CMMI. The motivation of the P-CMM is to improve the ability of the software organization to attract, develop, motivate, organize, and retain the talent needed to continuously improve the organization capability to deliver quality products and satisfy customer requirements. Although it is developed with the needs of software organization and information systems community in mind, the P-CMM can be applied to almost any organization structures, regardless of the business applications.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the current best practices in the field of human resource, the P-CMMI provides organizations with guidance on how to gain control of their processes for developing and managing people.<\/p>\n<p>Similar to the CMMI, the P-CMM also helps set priorities for immediate actions, integrates workforce development and establishes a culture of operational excellence. The P-CMM include an assessment method that can be conducted independently or integrate with the existing software assessment process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y coi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=965"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965\/revisions\/967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}