{"id":961,"date":"2013-06-26T10:28:27","date_gmt":"2013-06-26T03:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=961"},"modified":"2013-06-26T10:28:27","modified_gmt":"2013-06-26T03:28:27","slug":"cmmi-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=961","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-5"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?\u00a0 Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh IDEAL. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t hay hai pha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m – Software Process Improvement (SPI) hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh IDEAL bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c pha sau:<\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0 Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cap<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n:<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111o<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

(4)\u00a0 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, Tinh ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1<\/p>\n

\u0110o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(5)\u00a0 Th\u00fac b\u1ea9y hay h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

Th\u00fac b\u1ea9y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi<\/p>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n

\u0110o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/p>\n

Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i pha 1 \u2013 Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh IDEAL) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng theo n\u00f3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do:<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do #1: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2.\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang ta b\u1ecf qua th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1, v\u1eady sao ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh?\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00ed do cho th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o hay b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. V\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e3i nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do #2: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi sai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00fang cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, d\u1ef1 v\u00e0i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gay c\u1ea5n v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd theo qui tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu SEPG kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SEPG c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean; h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb SEPG v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. SEPG kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do #3: \u201cThu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3i qua k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cKH\u00d4NG\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cC\u00d3\u201d trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ecfi CMMI v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 theo \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec. B\u1ea3ng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i v\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u00eam v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do #4:\u00a0 \u201cC\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o – c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cCMMI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sao? Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh; ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe m\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. SEPG ph\u1ea3u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a SEPG l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong tay m\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do #5:\u00a0 \u201cL\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: v\u00f2ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u1ec5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i h\u01a1n h\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng hay n\u0103m m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e1u c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 “ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i” v\u00e0 \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 SEPG h\u1ecdc CMMI. SEPG ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i tin l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh b\u1edfi v\u00ec<\/p>\n

(1) Thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a CMMI. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh IDEAL (Initiating, Diagnosing, Establishing, Acting, and Leveraging).<\/p>\n

(2) C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gay c\u1ea5n hay kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

(4) Thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c blog c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 CMMI nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Th\u1ea7y n\u00ean th\u00eam ch\u00fat kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: OK, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00eam h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. John Vu tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi kinh doanh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh khi:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cL\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qui tr\u00ecnh then ch\u1ed1t\u201d<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ee9a con 4 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “qui tr\u00ecnh then ch\u1ed1t” v\u00e0 “th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh then ch\u1ed1t\u201d cho m\u1eb9 v\u1ee3 hay m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh CMMI l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh con n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n CMMI m\u1ee9c 5.<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u201cKh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac b\u1ea9y\u201d khi vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 t\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n tin b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI-5<\/p>\n

Question: Why some organizations are very successful in improving the software and others are not?\u00a0 What can we learn from these lessons?<\/p>\n

Answer: Based on research data that I have collected from success and failure in implementing process improvement, I found that most failures can be avoided if the organization management follows the road map or IDEAL model. Almost all successful organizations, which achieve higher levels of maturity, are following this road map consistently. Likewise, most organizations that fail have skipped at least one or two phases of the road map.<\/p>\n

The Software Process Improvement (SPI) road map or IDEAL model consists of the following phases:<\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0 Initiating:<\/p>\n

Identify needs for improvement and align them with a business strategy<\/p>\n

Obtain commitment for improvement from senior management<\/p>\n

Establish an infrastructure to coordinate and facilitate improvements<\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0 Diagnosing:<\/p>\n

Conduct an assessment and establish measurement baseline<\/p>\n

Identify organization\u2019s strengths and weaknesses<\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 Establishing:<\/p>\n

Plan action for improvement<\/p>\n

Establish monitoring mechanism to track improvement activities<\/p>\n

(4)\u00a0 Acting:<\/p>\n

Implement improvement actions in small incremental steps following the stages: Define, Pilot, Refine, and Institutionalize<\/p>\n

Measure the improvement activities to ensure that they are in alignment with the organization strategy and provide values to the business.<\/p>\n

(5)\u00a0 Leveraging or Learning:<\/p>\n

Leverage success and stabilize the environment<\/p>\n

Learn from failure and evaluate current improvement plan<\/p>\n

Update improvement plan and share information<\/p>\n

Measure progress toward improvement goals<\/p>\n

Renew management sponsorship<\/p>\n

Go back to phase 1 \u2013 Initiating phase<\/p>\n

While this road map (IDEAL model) is well defined and easy to understand, many organizations are still not following it. Based on data collected from organizations that failed to improve, I found several reasons:<\/p>\n

Reason #1: \u201cWe do not need an assessment until we are at least at level 2.\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cWe skip the assessment to save time and money.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe know we are at level 1, so why do assessment?\u201d<\/p>\n

Problem:<\/p>\n

These people overlook the fact that assigning a maturity level is NOT the reason for an assessment. Without a formal assessment, it is not easy to agree on what issues to address or critical problems to solve. Since they waste precious time argue with each other on what to do, nothing can be done and improvement does not happen.<\/p>\n

Reason #2: \u201cWrong people to implement process improvement\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cHighly skilled people are needed to do important work.\u00a0 Any available people can do process improvement\u201d<\/p>\n

Problem:<\/p>\n

Management set up an infrastructure consists of people who may not have the right skill and motivation for process improvement. They usually read few books, attend few conferences and think that they already understand how to do it. Since they read a lot of books, they have a tendency to focus on writing plans, proposal and document procedures but do not spend time solving critical issues with software projects or support practitioners by training them on following a process. Therefore, improvement became mostly an exercise in documentation rather than improving the business. I strongly believe that if the SEPG does not involve the whole organization in process improvement, they are not doing their job. SEPG members need to be communicators and motivators; they must have the skills to do their job. SEPG members must be selected from projects and rotate in and out of SEPG for experiences and sharing practices. SEPG should not be a dead-end job.<\/p>\n

Reason #3: \u201cObtain maturity level is like passing a test\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cJust change the \u201cNO\u201d to \u201cYES\u201d in the CMMI questionnaire and fake a few interview questions then we can make the higher maturity level. Our manager said: \u201cWe must achieve level 3 by next month\u201d<\/p>\n

Problem:<\/p>\n

This approach is only after a maturity level score but does not encourage real improvement. This attitude cannot fool anyone or achieve anything. The questionnaire is designed only as an input for further exploration into the process. There are other factors such as document reviews, interviews, and team discussions that must be completed before a maturity-level rating can be assigned.<\/p>\n

The most important part of the assessment is for the employees to see the visible reaction of senior management and to hear their feedback on the results. That is why there is a requirement for senior management to address their commitment for process improvement in the beginning and at the end of the assessment. If management does not care about real improvement but only a meaningless maturity level, do you think people in the organization would really work hard to make improvement happen?<\/p>\n

Reason #4:\u00a0 \u201cJust document lot of procedures–improvement will come.\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cCMMI requires documentation because the process is the document\u201d<\/p>\n

Problem:<\/p>\n

This approach resulting in massive efforts to write standards and procedures down to the lowest levels of detail so do you think software practitioners are supposed to wait patiently for these documents to complete before they can improve their processes? However, documentation and procedures will not lead to process improvement; they have to be practiced, piloted, deployed, improved, and institutionalized.<\/p>\n

I believe writing procedures without involve people in the organization is like driving a car blindfolded. To improve, the procedures must be used, piloted, measured, accepted, supported, and institutionalized.<\/p>\n

I strongly believe the entire organization must participate in process improvement activities. The SEPG must let the practitioners set the requirements for implementing changes. The role of SEPG is to facilitate and nurture the improvement, not take the matter into their own hands or be document writers.<\/p>\n

Reason #5:\u00a0 \u201cPlanning and planning: Infinite loop of planning\u201d<\/p>\n

Logic:<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have to develop a plan to build an action plan so we can plan on process improvement.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPlanning is safe because people do not fail in planning.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is easier to plan than to implement; it is easier to talk than to act.\u201d<\/p>\n

Problem:<\/p>\n

Many people work hard to plan a perfect, detailed plan that will take several months or years to complete. In the mean time, nothing happen.<\/p>\n

Planning is a clever way to disguise \u201cresistance to change\u201d attitude and hide the lack of skills and competent in process improvement. Planning is not an activity for the SEPG to learn the CMMI. The SEPG must focus on action and the sooner they can implement change the better. I believe planning should not take more than one week. People learn by doing, not by planning. Too much planning is a common mistake.<\/p>\n

Conclusion:<\/p>\n

I strongly believe that all of the above problems arise because of<\/p>\n

(1) A lack of understanding the principles of software process improvement or the intention of the CMMI. Some people do not have the discipline to follow a well defined road map such as the IDEAL model (Initiating, Diagnosing, Establishing, Acting, and Leveraging).<\/p>\n

(2) Process Improvement is not applied in the context of the business of the organization but perceive as an additional burden to achieve a maturity level.<\/p>\n

(3) Managers are too busy to address critical issues or take the improvement activities seriously.<\/p>\n

(4) Lack of infrastructure and skills to implement process improvement. No one is responsible for process improvement.<\/p>\n

(5) SEPG members are not respected, considered value-added, or viewed as having the right skills to do their job.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: \u201cI enjoy reading your blog on CMMI but found your answer too serious. You must add some sense of humor to make thing more enjoyable for readers\u201d<\/p>\n

Answer: OK, OK for more humor. John Vu believes that you should get out of the process improvement business when:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You decide to re-organize your five persons family into a \u201cKey Process Area\u201d<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You teach your 4-years old child about Paradigm Shift. and globalization.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You try to explain the difference between \u201cKey Process\u201d and \u201cKey Practices\u201d to your Mother-in-law.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You insist that an CMMI assessment is needed before you and your spouse decide to produce another child.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You ask the waiter what the restaurant\u2019s capability maturity level is. You may pay more for a CMMI level 5 foods.<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You follow the roadmap phases \u201cInitiating, Diagnosing, Establishing, Acting and leveraging\u201d when writing love letters to your girlfriend.<\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You believe you never have any problems in your life, just \u201cIssues\u201d and \u201cImprovement Opportunities.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?\u00a0 Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=961"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":962,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions\/962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}