{"id":944,"date":"2013-06-26T09:43:36","date_gmt":"2013-06-26T02:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=944"},"modified":"2013-06-26T09:43:36","modified_gmt":"2013-06-26T02:43:36","slug":"cmmi-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=944","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-11"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 500 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u1eed b\u1ecf tr\u00ean 95% l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 10% chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi \u00edt h\u01a1n 1% n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean 25 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 50% s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 50%<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 30% n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n CMMI: \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 CMMI m\u1ee9c 1. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u0169ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ef1a theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1eeba b\u1edfi \u201cnh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 phong\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang d\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cn\u01a1i t\u1eadp s\u1ef1\u201d cho kinh doanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c SEI u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ef1 phong.\u201d B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra website c\u1ee7a SEI v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ef1a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng;<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9;<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn v\u1edbi 8 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u theo m\u1ee9c CMMI. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ti hay l\u00e0m t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, k\u00edch c\u1ee1, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec hay v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng CMMI?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1edf c\u00f4ng ti hay \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5?<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ng\u1ed3i ngay \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI?<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p n\u00e0o l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec l\u00ed do kinh doanh hay \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i chu\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.\u00a0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 2, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 2 theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh do t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 2 nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 1, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 1, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c CMMI cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kinh doanh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn? Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m hay 8 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i x\u1eed tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3? Nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o th\u00ec sao, khi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u?<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gai g\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? bao nhi\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1?)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 “Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7” l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1m r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng sau th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i h\u1ecd d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:\u00a0 H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qua nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u K\u00c9M \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh K\u00c9M hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u phi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c do c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p theo cam k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1edbn bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang cho \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u1edbi n\u00f3. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 sang c\u00e1c pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1ea5y chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 5 khi l\u00e0m ‘\u00e1o m\u01b0a gi\u1ea5y.\u201d H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00e1o m\u01b0a gi\u1ea5y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u00e1o m\u01b0a gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec thu\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui c\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu sa s\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chung nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o? L\u00e0m sao ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi ba b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n? T\u00f4i tin thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eaft th\u00eam th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed) bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng can nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi (t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

———-English version———-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI-11<\/p>\n

Question: What is the different between the best software organization and the worst? Do we have any data?<\/p>\n

Answer: Last year, I have participated in a software research based on the data analysis of 500 software organizations worldwide. Following are some data:<\/p>\n

The best software organizations typically:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eliminate over 95% of defects before delivery to customers<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Estimate consistently to within 10% of the actual project\u2019s cost and time<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spend less than 1% of the development effort on defect correction<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Achieve development productivity above 25 function points per person month.<\/p>\n

The lowest performing software organizations:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eliminate less than 50% of defects before delivery<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have projects which often exceed estimates by more than 50%<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spend more than 30% of the development effort on defect correction<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have development productivity below 5 function points per person month.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: We had very bad experience with a CMMI consultant: He conducted an appraisal that lasted more than a month and produced nothing but a finding stated that we are a CMMI level 1. The improvement action planning also lasted on to several weeks and only stopped when we ran out of money. What should we do now?<\/p>\n

Answer: Based on my experiences, an appraisal should not last more than ten days. A typical result should detail your organization\u2019s strengths and weaknesses not only a CMMI maturity level. An improvement action planning should not last more than few days and by the end you should have a well defined list of improvement tasks to execute. It seems to me that your organization was cheated by a \u201cSelf-declared consultant\u201d who may be unqualified, have little training, and probably using your organization as a \u201clearning place\u201d for future business. Following are my advices:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Always select an SEI authorized lead appraiser not any \u201cself- declared appraiser\u201d You should check the SEI website for qualified Lead appraiser.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Set clear goals for the improvement that focus on organizational performance such as reduce cost, time, increase quality and customer satisfaction, NOT a CMMI maturity level.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Make sure your people completely agree to the concept of process improvement before an appraisal.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Select your best people and put them in the appraisal team.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Follow the appraisal process and rely mostly on data collected via actual practices and NOT too much on documentation.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pay attention to the critical issues such as communication, customer involvement;<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Establish baseline measurement to track progress;<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Monitor improvement tasks according to the plan and take corrective action seriously;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: We are a large software company with 8 business units located in several cities. For improvement we need to have an appraisal to determine where we are in the CMMI level. Should we plan to appraise the entire company or each business unit separately? What would be the result for the entire company?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software appraisal always depends on the goals, objectives, size, applications, products, and customer involvement. An experienced lead appraiser always asks the following questions before making a decision:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Are these business groups producing just one product or many?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Are these business groups focusing on software development, maintenance or operation?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Why do you want to improve your process using CMMI?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Are improvement activities directly funded at the company or at each business site?<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is there key senior manager physically located at each site?<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For geographical dispersion, there would be possible differences in business and customers, what are they?<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Are you conducting appraisal for process improvement or to get a CMMI maturity level?<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is there a pressure for the entire company to be at certain maturity level for business reason or to get management attention?<\/p>\n

Based on my experience, it would be very difficult to conduct one appraisal for a large company with multiple sites located around the country. I would prefer to appraise each site independently.\u00a0 The result for the entire company could be as follow:<\/p>\n

If all business groups were assessed at CMMI level 2, the entire company would also be a CMMI level 2 by default due to the sum of all the parts.<\/p>\n

If some groups were assessed at CMMI level 2 but few were at CMMI level 1, then the company would be a CMMI level 1, since you can not claim level for all groups based on results of some.<\/p>\n

However, if you decide to conduct just one appraisal for the entire company you will need to answer the following questions:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If I have a single CMMI level for my entire company, how could I discuss the result with a business group that could be appraised at higher level than the rest?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 How many improvement plans do I need? Just one plan for all groups or 8 separate plans for each?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 How do I know that I have enough data to address issues for each group? Could I come up with strengths and weaknesses for each group at different site?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 How do I handle a group that has much strength and few weaknesses when other groups do not? What about a group that do not have any weaknesses when another group has a lot?<\/p>\n

Based on my experience, the toughest issues in conducting a CMMI appraisal include:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organizational analysis to determine the scope of an appraisal<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Project sampling (i.e. what is a representative project? how many projects are needed in an appraisal?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What are the “exceptions to the rule” that need to be thoughtfully considered regarding their impact on process and organizational capability?<\/p>\n

Here is an example of a real situation happened few years ago:<\/p>\n

A large organization wanted to do just one assessment over a very broad range of software groups and applications. They got what they wanted: A CMMI maturity level but they were not happy with the results. The reason was due to the diversity in processes across the groups where strengths and weaknesses were not distributed correctly. The organization subsequently spent many months after the assessment to sort through each of the findings to determine what portions of the organization needed to address what findings and still no one were happy. In the end they stopped the improvement activity because it consumed so much efforts.<\/p>\n

My conclusion:\u00a0 Consolidating results across diverse areas leads to LESS meaningful data and LESS effective process improvement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why software engineer continue to follow an unreasonable plan, based on unrealistic schedule dictated by management?<\/p>\n

Answer: In most organizations, software engineers are often pressured into schedule commitments since many managers believe that heavy pressure is always required to make engineers produce. Unless the organization has historical data and uses them for their estimates, no one will know if the schedule is reasonable or not.\u00a0 Many managers like to see how engineer react to a unreasonable project plan and schedule. If you do not have historical data to challenge it, you always stuck with it. My advice is to collect and use historical data whenever you can.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why software reviews and inspections are not used extensively when they could improve project performance significantly?<\/p>\n

Answer: The purpose of software reviews and inspections is to detect and correct defects before they leak through subsequent development phases and into the end-products. However, the adoption of this technique has been slow due to the following:<\/p>\n

1) Many managers see the added cost of reviews, not the benefits of greatly reduced defects and reworks.<\/p>\n

2) Many practitioners already faced a tight schedules are reluctant to take on additional work.<\/p>\n

3) Some practitioner were concerned that publicly detecting defects in their own work may affect their performance<\/p>\n

4) Software reviews and inspections require proper training therefore it also added to the cost of software organization.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need to focus on customer satisfaction? We already achieved CMMI level 5.<\/p>\n

Answer: A company could be CMMI level 5 when making \u201cpaper rain coats\u201d. They may have the best process to make paper rain coats of highest quality. But what good is it if it rain? Do you think customers want paper rain coats? Customer satisfaction is the goal of business and should be the heart of any quality improvement program.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: If software is not mature as a science then hiring the best artist is a better choice than investing million dollars to process improvement. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: I do not believe a few software artists can do better work than a team of software engineer. Many people think that artists know intuitively how to do software work, so no orderly improvement will be needed. If this is true than one would expect any company who hire the best artists would never suffer from common software problems such as quality, productivity, and schedule performance etc. This is far from the truth since software problems are still key issues in industry today.\u00a0 If software artist is the solution then where are they coming from? Where do we get them? How do we distinguish a \u201creal artist\u201d from the fake one? How could an artist last in an environment where customer keeps changing requirements three or four times a week? I believe hiring the best people is vital but it is also essential to support them with an effective software process.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why software is getting more expensive, and too slow to come up with new feature?<\/p>\n

Answer: Most software organizations spend more than half of their effort on rework and the remainder on developing new functions. Because supporting products that are already in the customers hands takes priority over new development, fixing customer defects, which is very expensive in effort (i.e. Cost) always interferes with the release of new products (new features).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e1p: N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=944"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":946,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/944\/revisions\/946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}