{"id":938,"date":"2013-06-26T09:02:46","date_gmt":"2013-06-26T02:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=938"},"modified":"2013-06-26T09:02:46","modified_gmt":"2013-06-26T02:02:46","slug":"cmmi-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=938","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-13"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i tin ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t cao. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean khi t\u00f4i xem k\u0129 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ec.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng CMMI<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea1o ra SEPG \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, v.v nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd g\u00ec? T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn th\u1ef1c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn “L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac” hay “H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng” c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec l\u00ean CMMI?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng, CMMI ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c “n\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng”. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. CMMI l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Trong quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\/nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hay l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u).<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u00ec v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Xin th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. SEPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng nom cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u SEPG mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m hay t\u1ea1i sao. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111i.\u00a0 Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf t\u1ea1i CMMI m\u1ee9c 1, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u SEPG c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra cam k\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u00fac. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh trong x\u00ea mi na (X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1). C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m l\u1ea1c quan b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang n\u1edf hoa \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1edf hoa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed bao la, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u00a0 Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a World Bank, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 30%. N\u0103m 1996 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c 1 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2008 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 86 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong kinh doanh m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kinh doanh n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf, cho t\u1edbi 100% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi 5 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ebf. T\u00f4i tin nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee1 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y nay, khi so v\u1edbi 140,000 n\u0103m 1995. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 10 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 5 n\u0103m. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong kinh doanh to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i tin trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp r\u1ea5t nhanh. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng 5500 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ISO 9000 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 185 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch CMMI m\u1ee9c 4 v\u00e0 5, c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Anh, chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong kinh doanh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n

PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P LU\u1eacN PH\u1ea6N M\u1ec0M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 QU\u1ea2N L\u00cd D\u1ef0 \u00c1N<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n

c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n

chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd<\/p>\n

bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/p>\n

tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

\u0110o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0110o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n

k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb — n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u201c\u0110I\u1ec0U\u201d b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan?<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng — n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u201cC\u00c1CH\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111ang theo l\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t (\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m). Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o (c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eddm l\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v. M\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1eddm l\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4n n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m trong c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

——English version<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I believe we should learn from other companies that have been doing process improvement. Do they publish their lessons learned?<\/p>\n

Answer: Yes, there are few published lessons-learned but most described their experiences in a very high level of abstraction. In a competitive environment, they do not want others to know in detail of how they did it so as I look closely at these published documents, I noticed that all of them have similar advises such as:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obtain management commitment for process improvement<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Monitor progress on a periodic basis.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Define and implement software metrics<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Establish guidance on the use of CMMI<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Create an SEPG to coordinate improvement activities<\/p>\n

Many advices are casually stated such as management commitment, sponsorship etc. but what do they really mean? I believe that you need to understand the real meaning behind these words, recognize the existence of real enablers and barriers in your organization and use that information to plan your improvement activities. The best way to learn something is to practice or learn from your own experiences (Learning by doing).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What effect does methodologies such as \u201cStructured Programming\u201d or \u201cObject Oriented\u201d have on the CMMI?<\/p>\n

Answer: None, the CMMI is only a framework for process improvement not a methodology. It stated that organization “should select a methodology that works for them and use it accordingly”. It does not recommend any specific methodology. The CMMI is methodology-independent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: In a Customer\/Supplier relationship, the customer wants maximum capability and the supplier wants to perform with maximum efficiency. How do you balance the differences?<\/p>\n

Answer: It is true that both parties have different goals. The key is for them to recognize this and develop an understanding of what is driving the other. There is value in the trade- off that might not otherwise have come up (i.e. trading quality for speed or functionality for schedule).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: My organization is not making any progress with process improvement. As a SEPG member, I am frustrated since nothing seems to work. Please advice.<\/p>\n

Answer: As a SEPG member, you are frustrated because nothing gets done. Of course, to improve is to make thing getting better not worse. However, to be effective, improvement actions must change the behavior and attitude of the managers and software engineers. The SEPG can initiate change but real change only happens on software projects that mean it is the responsibility of managers and engineers and not the SEPG member.<\/p>\n

Do not confuse your role with somebody else. As SEPG member, your role is to coordinate and facilitate the change activities.\u00a0 It is the senior managers and project managers to see that change happen. The question is how to get managers and software engineers to do things that do not directly contribute to delivering software products? This is a difficult problem for many reasons. First, software engineers and especially managers are always busy. Second, they may not understand what the SEPG want them to do or why. And third, they may not believe that what you propose will help them do their jobs better.<\/p>\n

Therefore as a SEPG member, you need to get them to recognize that they must behave differently.\u00a0 As long as management is willing to live with the consequences of a chaotic process, they will continue to be at CMMI Level 1, regardless of anything you do. What SEPG need are to insist on establishing an orderly system for making project commitments, documented plans for all projects, and a quality policy. If they do not agree to do this, nothing else will work.<\/p>\n

You need to take improvement one step at a time. Make sure that management is in agreement with the need for process improvement, and that they know its costs and benefits. Follow the roadmap for process improvement and deployment principles that I have advocated in my seminar (Define, Pilot, Revise, and Institutionalize). This approach always works, but it takes time, patience, and unfailing optimism. It also takes consistent leadership and a can-do attitude. If you can convince management of the need for change, this approach will work. If you can’t, nothing will work.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I heard that software business is booming in India and many companies are outsourced projects there. What has happened there?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software business in India is not just booming but exploding. The main reasons are the low cost of labor, the ability of Indian software engineer to communicate in English, the vast amount of electronic communication links, and government program to foster the growth of the software industry.\u00a0 According to World Bank report, Indian software industry has maintained its leading status with a yearly growth rate of 30%. In 1996 software exports alone have broke the record of US $1 billion and in 2008 it has reached US $86 billion a year business.<\/p>\n

For this business to thrive an infrastructure must be set up and currently there are thousand high speed sophisticated data communication links, connecting Indian software companies to their customers world-wide. India software export centers are provided duty free import, up to 100% foreign equity, and up to 5-years operations without any tax. I believe these decisions were catalyst in building the necessary infrastructure and make capital available for investment into software products and packages. Currently, U.S and Europe remain as the largest market for Indian software exports.<\/p>\n

The exceptional growth in Indian software industry has been possible because India’s large pool of qualified and well trained software engineers; its quality standards and its access to a word-class education and technology. According to the latest data collection, the software professionals in India have grown to an estimated 1 million today, as compared with 140,000 in 1995. This number is estimated to increase by a factor of 10 for every 5 years. Industry sources believe that there are not enough professionals to support the current growth. This shortage will even be more severe if the Indian software industry is able to secure its share of the world-wide business. Most major Indian software companies are working on the problem with their own in-house education and training programs, support from the local and national universities, engineering colleges and other private educational institutions. Some begin to explore the possibility of set up business in other near by countries to take advantage of a lower wage skilled workforce there.<\/p>\n

Base on my data analysis, I believe within the next ten years, India’s low cost advantage will diminish, but the skilled work force and its high quality standards will remain a very important assets that will continue to keep their economy growing at a very fast pace. In India, there are about 5500 software companies with ISO 9000 certification and approximately 185 companies have qualified for CMMI level 4 and 5, which is much higher than the number of high level maturity organization in the U.S and Europe combined. With a world class education, a motivated workforce fluently in English, deliver high quality standard products to customer worldwide, I think India will remain very successful in software business in many years to come.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What is the difference between project management and software methodology?<\/p>\n

Answer: Here is a comparison:<\/p>\n

SOFTWARE METHODOLOGY\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT<\/p>\n

Defines a framework for solving\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Defines a framework for<\/p>\n

the technical challenge\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 planning and managing the<\/p>\n

work<\/p>\n

Specifies the technical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Specifies how to deliver the<\/p>\n

attributes of the desired product\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 product on schedule and<\/p>\n

within budget<\/p>\n

Describes and organizes the major\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Describes and organizes the<\/p>\n

deliverables\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 work needed to produce the<\/p>\n

deliverables<\/p>\n

Defines what an individual must\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Defines how individuals will<\/p>\n

know\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 integrate their knowledge<\/p>\n

Specifies technical roles and\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Specifies management roles<\/p>\n

responsibilities\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and responsibilities<\/p>\n

Measures progress against the\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Measures progress against<\/p>\n

technical requirements\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the project plan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The relationship between project management and software methodology is similar to that of marketing and sales. Software methodology is like marketing — it is a strategic discipline concerned with \u201cWHAT\u201d you must do to be successful:<\/p>\n

What is the best way to identify user requirements?<\/p>\n

What must be done to meet relevant quality standards?<\/p>\n

What technology should be used to support each application?<\/p>\n

Project management is like sales — it is an operational discipline concerned with \u201cHOW\u201d to be successful:<\/p>\n

How should the team be organized?<\/p>\n

How long should the work take?<\/p>\n

How can you tell if you are on schedule?<\/p>\n

As with marketing and sales, skill in both disciplines is necessary for success. For example, most software methodologies identify customer involvement as a critical success factor (what to do). Project management then defines customer involvement by determining which specific customers will be involved and when (how to do it). Of course, there is some overlap between the two. Many methodologies provide guidance on estimating and scheduling. Both disciplines place great emphasis on producing a quality product etc. Despite the overlaps, it is important to understand the differences between the two because poor practices in either area can result in a failed project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i tin ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=938"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":940,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions\/940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}