{"id":925,"date":"2013-06-26T00:37:26","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=925"},"modified":"2013-06-26T00:37:26","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:37:26","slug":"cmmi-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=925","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-18"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadtgi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ed5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch CMMI. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng trong khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Sau m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ecb nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m n\u1eefa tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd d\u1eebng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ecb l\u00e2m nguy v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG b\u1ecb tan t\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c blog c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra\u00a0 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n\u00a0 th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i tin ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m – pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac; v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n giao trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi \u201cph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00fang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 3. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o m\u1edbi v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 – ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i s\u1ebd c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ea1i sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, hay h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 1% \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 8% tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u00e0nh \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 5 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Khi tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi nh\u00f3m m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m d\u00f2 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung l\u1eadp – th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n – b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro, t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay c\u00e1n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u00ec. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI 6 th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y SEPG c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ee9? Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111ang tan d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3i. S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a email, fax, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Xin h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau, xin h\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u00f4i th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n. Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo hay ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi tu\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00f2n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. V\u00e0i k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb. Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cc\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt\u201d cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Sau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra T\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qui tr\u00ecnh Process Action Team (PAT) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng qua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Sau vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cNh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c\u201d hay \u201cT\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qui tr\u00ecnh – Process Action Team\u201d (PAT) quanh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n qui tr\u00ecnh Process Areas (PA) nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 mi\u1ec1n qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u1ee7i ro do k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng lao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng, “M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d hay \u201cC\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.”\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n\u00a0 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn PA hay vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh PA chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0103n c\u1ea3 con voi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng c\u1eafn. G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf PA th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo pha tri\u1ec3n khai X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, L\u00e0m m\u1ecbn, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: SEPG c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 3 ng\u00e0y thay v\u00ec 2 tu\u1ea7n.\u00a0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh mini 1 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c SEPG kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u SEPG c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 trong \u201cdoanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d hay \u201cdoanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh\u201d? T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf? Th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i tin \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: V\u1edbi t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i\u00a0 ti\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111o cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c CMMI m\u1ee9c 1? Lo\u1ea1i \u0111o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111o cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c CMMI m\u1ee9c 1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u00ec (Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0 Bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean (Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, k\u00edch c\u1ee1, chi ph\u00ed)<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9\u00a0 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau\u00a0 c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111o s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh 2, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ecd sang d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kia (v\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 2) nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (v\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 3). Do \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m” v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111o, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i gi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1ef1a l\u1ea5y v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed? Hay thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang trong SEPG c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf? V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec sao? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u0103n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI-19<\/p>\n

Question: Why do SEPG members need training for process improvement? Are they the expert in improvement already?<\/p>\n

Answer: Let me share with you a real situation.<\/p>\n

A company started process improvement few years ago. The top manager was a good supporter who set aside a lot of money for improvement. Unfortunately, they had no one who was experienced in process improvement so they selected the best technical people they could find. The technical team received no training but relied on their analytical skills and the CMMI book. They paid a consultant to conduct an appraisal and started their action planning. They planned and revised the plan for many months while the organization continued to wait for things to do. After ten months, the momentum faded, the business did not improve, the expectations faltered and suddenly, there was anger and frustration among team members. Many quit and were replaced by another group of technical people. New people did not like the plan so they revised and re-planned it. Another year passed with no action until the top manager lost patience and told them to stop the whole thing. That was the end of process improvement.<\/p>\n

If they had training, they could have avoided making mistakes by excessive planning and would have been well on their way to improving their processes. Because of the failure to implement, the organization did not benefit from its process improvement nor did it achieve the business goals and objectives. However, there were other consequences. Future improvement is at risk since resistance to change has significantly increased, the credibility of SEPG members was shattered and the confidence in management leadership is at the lowest level. To change is to do things in a new way and to make change happen is not intuitive but a skill acquired via learning and experiencing. My blog is created from so many lessons learned from many companies and it is better to learn from someone else\u2019s mistake than to make one.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: When is the best time to test software? Should we wait until the coding is completed then execute a series of tests?<\/p>\n

Answer: I believe testing should start at the beginning of a project. The planning and design of testing should start at the beginning of the software life cycle\u2014requirements phase. Acceptance tests should be defined by users at the same time that user requirements are defined. System tests should be defined during requirements analysis. Integration tests should be defined during architectural design; and unit tests should be defined during detailed design. It is possible even to define tests before developing the life cycle deliverables. Do not wait until \u201cthe last minute before deadline\u201d since you do not have time to properly test the product.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: To reduce cost, we decided to introduce a new software method to our organization. We like to have all projects follow this standard method so we can achieve CMMI level 3. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: Before introducing any new method into an organization, it must be clear that you have a business case\u2014the savings and benefits will outweigh the costs incurred including the ongoing running costs, and the start up costs. Unless your organization has no method, introducing a new one is very risky and requires more effort and higher cost than you assume. As an alternative to a new method, you may want to investigate why your current method doesn\u2019t work and why your software cost is too high and then improving your existing method rather than introducing a new one.<\/p>\n

By the way, to achieve a CMMI level 3 requires much more than having a standard method in place.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do software developers need more training throughout their life?<\/p>\n

Answer: Because technology continues to change but most software developers do not make effort to stay technically up to date. Many do not read technical books, attend conferences, or take additional technical courses. Here are the results of a research that I have conducted several years ago:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Many software developers read newspapers, magazines, but less than 1% read technical books on a regular basis.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some software developers do attend local workshops, seminars but only 8% attend international software conferences to broaden their skills.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software developers spent less than 5 hours per month in keeping informed of the latest technical events in their field.<\/p>\n

Over five thousand software developers participated in this research. They all had college degrees and an average of more than 5 years of experiences. Based on this result, I strongly believe software developers need technical training to stay up to date with technology changes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: When deploying process improvement activities, we ran into a lot of conflicts among groups. How do we solve this intergroup conflict?<\/p>\n

Answer: This is very common among software groups where people tend to think their group is unique. Following are some suggestions that may work.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The managers of the conflicting groups should first attempt to resolve the issues themselves.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If the managers reach an impasse, the issues should be informally explored with each manager separately, and then both of them should be brought together, not to settle the issue but agree on a way to settle it.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If the managers are well informed and committed to their own positions, it is often helpful to form a team with members taken from each group. The team leader, however, should be neutral\u2014a SEPG member for example\u2014otherwise, this team will become polarized at the outset and will likely make little progress.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To reduce the risks, this team should address a portion of the issue, starting with focusing on technical issues and ignoring organizational or staffing concerns.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In most cases, once there is an agreed technical solution, the managers can quickly resolve the remaining questions themselves.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need to improve the process at the organizational level and not at the personal level?<\/p>\n

Answer: The reason for establishing an organizational structure is to allocate work. If one person can do all the work alone, no structure would be needed. If things do not work, one person can easily decide what to do and what to improve. When you have more than one person, things get complicated since no one likes to fix someone else\u2019s mistakes. Since one person can not build a large software system, an organizational structure of many people is established. For an organization to achieve its business goals and objectives, certain processes have to be in place. To maximize the business goals and objectives, some process may need to improve.<\/p>\n

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Question: We had CMMI appraisal 6 months ago but I have not seen anything happening yet. I want to see our SEPG come up with a plan so I can implement something. Shall I continue to wait? My patience is running out.<\/p>\n

Answer: No, do not wait. Six months is too long already. If I were you I would ask the SEPG members directly about the plan and volunteer to work on some tasks. Maybe they already have a plan and are looking for someone like you to work on a task. It seems like your organization may have a communication break down. In the era of e-mail, fax, phone, sometime we tend to wait and forget to ask questions. Please talk to each others, please communicate and communicate<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: As a manager, I like the idea of recognize and reward people. Where can I find a document process for the recognition and reward so I can apply broadly across my organization that has over 1200 people?<\/p>\n

Answer: My guess is you probably do not want to recognize everybody at the same time, and you probably do not need a \u201cHero\u201d every week. To recognize is to appreciate one\u2019s effort of doing something exceptional, not a process that you have to follow or adhere to every week. It\u2019s the simple act of showing that you care and you do appreciate the people in your organization. My advice is just be natural, stopping at their desk, talking to them, inquiring on how they are doing, telling them that you do notice their efforts. Anything from your heart will convey the appreciation much better than any rigid documented process.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why software project is always under schedule pressure?<\/p>\n

Answer: The fundamental problems could be unreasonable schedule estimates. Few software engineers know how to estimate, plan, and track their work. Without these basic disciplines, they are not able to plan their work or project accordingly, and without adequate planning they are always under pressure.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why software management is so important and always in high demand?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software engineering is a people-intensive process and methods for managing people, resources, and risks always have profound impact on the software project. Software management is a situation dependencies, and trade-offs. It is difficult to provide an accurate depiction of many concepts and to retain precision of the presentation across a broad range of domains. Understanding the difference between precision and accuracy is a fundamental skill of good software managers, who must accurately forecast estimates, risks, and the effects of change. There is no \u201cmagic formula\u201d for software management but a matter of judgment, common sense, and situation-dependent decision making. That’s why software managers are always get paid a lot of money.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: After a CMMI appraisal, we organized a Process Action Team (PAT) to define standard process. We spent the past nine months documented a new process which we think could improve our organization but many developers complained that we have not making progress. What did we do wrong?<\/p>\n

Answer: After an appraisal, many companies formed \u201cWorking Groups\u201d or \u201cProcess Action Team\u201d (PAT) around Process Areas (PA) such as project management, requirement management, quality assurance. They try to define a detailed process for the entire process area and this is very risky due to size and complexity of the change. I have seen many teams failed in this approach. Even when they succeed in define the process, the implementation of this well -defined process usually ran into problems since it required people to completely changing the way they do things. I have heard many SEPG members complained that, “People do not want to change\u201d or \u201cManagement really does not support this.”\u00a0 What you need to understand is that the PA approaches or define a detailed PA processes are inherently too big, require a long effort and too difficult for an organization to follows. This is like eating the whole elephant in one bite. My suggestion is to breakdown the PA into smaller tasks. You need to deploy each task as a small project and follow the deployment phases of Define, Pilot, Refine, and institutionalize. This approach is less risky and could make change happen sooner.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our SEPG have designed an assessment that only takes 3 days instead of 2 weeks.\u00a0 We also designed a 1 day mini assessment and plan to design another quick assessment that people can do it in a few hours. We like to share these techniques with others SEPG. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: I wonder if your SEPG is in \u201cassessment business\u201d or \u201cprocess improvement business\u201d?. Why do you need so many assessments? An assessment do not mean anything if your company does not improve. I believe what your company need is to reduce cost, and improve quality not more assessment techniques.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: It seems to me that technologies have changed significantly but management has not. Is it wise to improve the management aspect rather than technology?<\/p>\n

Answer: In order to improve the process, one must consider all three factors of process: People, Standards, and Technology. You can not improve one without the others.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How do we start a measurement program for a CMMI level 1 organization? What kind of measurements is needed?<\/p>\n

Answer: To start a measurement program for a CMMI level 1 organization, I would propose a set of basic measurements as follow:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Quality (Pre and Post released defect)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Cycle time (Time to complete a task)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Effort<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0 Variances (Planned vs. Actuals of time, size. Cost)<\/p>\n

The above set is only a guide, not a requirement but it will help the organization to start focus on measurement earlier.<\/p>\n

To achieve a maturity level 2, the organization must have a data collection process in place and evidence that project managers take corrective actions based on those data.<\/p>\n

The definition of data and how many measurements are needed may vary from project to project (For CMMI level 2) but must be consistent across the organization (For CMMI level 3). Therefore, instead of starting with a “Laissez faire” approach to measurements, where each project can come up with anything they want, I would suggest the organization defines a list of measurements and allow each project to select few from this list.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our process improvement has stopped. How can I get it going?<\/p>\n

Answer: I really want to know why it has stopped. Is it because lack of management commitment? Or lack of understanding of what to do next? Do you have enough resources? Do you have the right people with the right skills in your SEPG? Is it a motivational issue or economical issue? What about your senior management? Did you follow the improvement roadmap?<\/p>\n

Before we restart a process, you need to understand the root cause and take corrective action. Without understand the cause, you will be wasting your time since history always repeat itself.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e1p: … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":926,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/925\/revisions\/926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}