{"id":922,"date":"2013-06-26T00:28:39","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=922"},"modified":"2013-06-26T00:28:39","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:28:39","slug":"cmmi-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=922","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1” l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, L\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0110o, Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 th\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea9y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng trong ba n\u0103m qua?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kinh doanh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ra \u0111i. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. C\u00e1i v\u00f2ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 CMMI)<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u00ed do kinh doanh c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u00ed do thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. (Chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p ch\u00f3p bu)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. (Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo su\u1ed1t)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng (S\u1eeda qui tr\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh)<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh (L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n)<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 (L\u1eadp \u01b0u ti\u00ean – \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e1ng sau)<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0 Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo v\u00f2ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1)<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0 Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n (Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o)<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0 C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n (Ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c)<\/p>\n

10) Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (Trao \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111o. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Sao th\u1ea7y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 sai) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb \u0111o trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ebf, cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi kinh doanh. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111o bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: SEPG c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh 5 hay \u0111i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cCMMI m\u1ee9c 5\u201d hay c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh CMMI ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i tin m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI \u0111ang ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con s\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ee9c CMMI s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t g\u00ec cho c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n? R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 “mua” x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c CMMI t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c CMMI m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEP, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o (gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v.) th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t trong khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0 Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c cho “C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh” v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1eebng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t minh ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m \u1ea7m \u0129 v\u1ec1 “C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh” b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. Sau khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00ec di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i “th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1” \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh CMMI?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ed5: \u201cK\u1ecbch hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ecbch d\u1edf bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kinh kh\u1ee7ng\u201d. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo th\u00f3i quen. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. T\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. V\u1eady sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee9 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u? Nh\u1edb xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho \u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n trong pha thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay pha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u00a0 h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed3i, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi cam\u00a0 k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chung cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u201cnh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft chung\u201d trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec chu k\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o. Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng tin (c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9). \u0110\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

1) AT&T, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n “Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft chung” n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

2) NUMMI, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o linh ki\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quay v\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhau. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng khi tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n khi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How do you define \u201cInstitutionalization\u201d?<\/p>\n

Answer: For a process to be fully institutionalized, it must be \u201cDefined, Documented, Trained, Used, Measured, Verified, and continuously improved (Been used for at least 8 to 12 months).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How do you improve when my company had three managers and seven changes of directions in the past three years?<\/p>\n

Answer: Changes affect people, and as a result, they affect company and ultimately affect the business. Of course, there are reasons for change and most changes always start with enthusiasm that maybe this time will be better. But as problems are encountered, doubts may surfaces. Top manager may become overwhelmed and quit. Change will become a normal slogan but nothing happen as desired then more changes are needed. This cycle of changes will continue over and over until real results are achieved.<\/p>\n

There are better way to implement changes and avoid the above scenario by following an approach such as the capability maturity model (CMMI framework)<\/p>\n

It starts with a business reason to change by senior management and it requires commitments, understanding, and support. Following is my advice to organizations that may undergo changes:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Senior management must communicate the reason for change and desired outcomes to everybody in the organizations. (Change direction must start from the top)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Senior management must tell the truth to all developers, and work through any resistance to change, not around it. This takes time but it always work. (Changes must be communicated and follow through)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Management must willing to let go of whatever is not working and treat everyone with respect (Fix the process, not the people)<\/p>\n

4) \u00a0Conduct an organization assessment to identify opportunity to change (Know where you are before start the journey)<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0 Establish a plan based on assessment results (Plan the journey based on your strengths and weaknesses)<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0 Apply the maturity concept into the plan to prioritize tasks (Set priority \u2013 what you can do today and what you can do next month)<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0 Deploy tasks by following the improvement cycle (Define, pilot, refine, and institutionalize)<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0 Collect improvement data and verify against baselines and desired outcomes (Change must be measured)<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0 Management must support and commit to the change process and keep the momentum going (Be rigorous about what must happen, but flexible about how)<\/p>\n

10) Senior management must monitor the change process, tell stakeholders as much as possible, as often as possible, and in many ways as possible. (Communicate will keep change happens continuously).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: In the past ten years, I have seen lot of failure in metrics program. Measurements never work. Why do you keep asking something that never works?<\/p>\n

Answer: Many measurement programs failed because either they want to measure everything (Mostly the wrong things) or they do not know what data is needed to help them make the right decision. Sometime it failed because measurement data is used by inappropriate person for different purpose resulting in the fear of being measured by people in the organization.<\/p>\n

As softwares become increasingly complex, project managers need to review their project plans and monitor progress of their software development effort in order to adjust their plans accordingly. The use of facts and data, as part of an overall management monitoring, provides managers with ways to better assess the efficiency of their resources in delivering quality products within schedule and budget limits. I strongly believe that every project must have clear measurable goals that relate to the business. These goals should be tracked and analyzed and these data should be used by project manager to take corrective actions if necessary. If using within that context, measurement program always work.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our SEPG is told by senior management to achieve a CMMI maturity level 5 or go find another job elsewhere.<\/p>\n

Answer: I understand that there is a pressure placed upon companies to achieve a particular high maturity level. Some people careers may depend on getting a \u201cCMMI Level 5\u201d or else. Some companies conducted a CMMI assessment just to validate that they have achieved a level rather than identify weaknesses to improve. Although this is real, I believe a company who only want a CMMI maturity level is playing a number game. If your company does not focus on improvement then what good will a CMMI level does for your company? It is very easy to \u201cbuy\u201d a CMMI level certificate from money maker consultants. Many already sell templates, examples, documents so company can pass a CMMI appraisal and achieve a CMMI level that they want for a price.<\/p>\n

As a SEPG member, you must ask for clarification what a CMMI maturity level means to your manager? If it is only a meaningless number without any desired results (reduce costs, times, improve quality\u00a0 etc.) then maybe you did not do a good job in explaining the benefit of process improvement and what the CMMI maturity levels are all about to your senior manager.\u00a0 By the way, if you are very good then you could find a better job in company where they value your skill.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Do you think that we should create another term for \u201cProcess improvement\u201d since so many people said that it \u201cdoes not work?\u201d<\/p>\n

Answer: Do not waste time inventing a better term but focus on the goals that you want to achieve. Instead of making a lot of noise about \u201cProcess improvement\u201d you should consider it as being part of the daily job. The key is make improvement happens with facts and data on improving quality, reduce time and cost. After succeed with data, you can always say that \u201cIt works wonderfully and here is my data\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we have to \u201cinstitutionalize\u201d what we do in software to satisfy a CMMI maturity rating?<\/p>\n

Answer: There is an old verse: \u201cGood comedy can be wonderful, but bad comedy is always terrible\u201d. The same is true for software development. Unfortunately, we do not have the natural capability to do a very good job of develop software, that is why we need to follow an institutionalized process. This is a process that is used habitually. It is supported by a set of rules but it ensures that the process is used and consistently applied. The set of rules insist that the process is defined, documented, trained, used, measured, verified, and continuously improved.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: As a customer, I understand requirements will change as I know more about the systems being built. Change can easily be done by software than hardware. So why software people complain about customer changes requirements? Remember who is paying you?<\/p>\n

Answer: It is true that software requirements do change but the impact of change varies with time at which it is introduced. If a well defined requirement analysis process is applied in the front end of software life cycle, early request for change can be done easily. When changes are requested later during design phase or construction phase, it creates more difficult because by that time, the design is well in place, resources are allocated based on that design. Any changes that impact on design requires redesign and more code changes, which will impact schedule commitment. Unfortunately, very few customers are willing to adjust the schedule or add more resources, therefore rework always impact people morale, schedule, cost and quality. By the way, it is the customer ultimately paying for all of this rework.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: You have mentioned about create a \u201cshared awareness\u201d among team members. Is it practical?<\/p>\n

Answer: Awareness is the first step in any learning cycle. In time of change, an organization that does not learn, adapt and improve will not survive.<\/p>\n

I believe that organization must have a process that allows for continuous assimilation of information (Both internal and external). This must be pro-active and it is everyone\u2019s responsibility. It never works if only certain people are designated as being responsible for processing information. Here are two example of organization\u2019s shared awareness:<\/p>\n

1) AT&T, a telephone company has a \u201cShare awareness\u201d forum where the chairman brings many managers from around the world together, several times a year to share experiences and discuss what works and what does not work so people learn from others\u2019 mistakes and do not repeat the same mistake again<\/p>\n

2) NUMMI, an auto parts manufacturing has a policy of rotating people through different jobs every years. This has negative impact on productivity for a while, but it is offset by the benefit of having people being familiar with each other\u2019s responsibilities. Their workers learn from each others and always find good opportunity to improve.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How does employee morale affect an organization\u2019s capability maturity levels? Is it possible for a level 3 organization to fall back when employee morale is low?<\/p>\n

Answer: Organization\u2019s capability maturity level depends on three factors: People, Process and Technology. If people motivation is low, it definitely affects the performance of an organization and ultimately the organization capability will be impacted. It is highly possible for a higher levels organization to fall back to lower levels when morale is low.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What do you do when you are asked to change, but the manager who asked you to change do not change himself?<\/p>\n

Answer: Manager needs to be open and willing to accept changes too. You need to explain to them that you can not change an entire organization by yourself. Tell them you want support from them in order to succeed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a “Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1” l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cX\u00e1c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=922"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":924,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922\/revisions\/924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}