{"id":919,"date":"2013-06-26T00:23:26","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=919"},"modified":"2013-06-26T00:23:26","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:23:26","slug":"cmmi-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=919","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-20"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o SEPG? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 hay h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 CMMI. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi cho t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xuy\u00ean qua to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9, t\u00f4i tin ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 1 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 2: H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c D\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 2 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 3: H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (\u0111a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 3 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 4: H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (\u0111a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 4 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 5: H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c Kinh doanh (\u0111a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti)<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t sao? Khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau. \u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn c\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ngay nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n hay v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ebb. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n r\u00fat ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebf to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed chu\u1ea9n\u201d: Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u00ednh v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e8n, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ti\u1ec7n nghi nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v.v. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong k\u1ebf to\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh 2 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, t\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 6 ng\u00e0y l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t). Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 6 ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1n 12 ng\u00e0y l\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00e0i gi\u1edd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng ti nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng t\u00ecm, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng ti nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan li\u00eau.\u00a0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang trong kinh doanh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady v.v. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u1ea3 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1ch qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, do v\u1eady ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMMI m\u1ee9c 2. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho m\u1ee9c 2 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 CMMI v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t.\u201d B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh, \u0111o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00f3 qua th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cam\u00a0 k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ecdi vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u00a0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v.v.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng trong t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Configuration Management (CM) v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Requirements Management (RM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Requirements Management (RM) l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn chung gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh RM bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v.)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c hay nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (nh\u01b0 CM, SQA, nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.)<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh Configuration Management (CM) l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh CM bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ed7i, sao l\u01b0u, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v.v.)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ban thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, SEPG c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: N\u1ebfu SEPG m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 SEPG c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u201cn\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp, vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho h\u1ecd \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m “nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed1i b\u0103n kho\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh? Sao kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: N\u1ebfu th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i. \u201cKi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o do thi\u1ebfu cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, do m\u1eddi ch\u00e0o, v\u00e0 do quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o trong qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cchuy\u00ean gia th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1edb l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9 cho ai\u00a0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 50 t\u1edbi 60 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version——<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI-20<\/p>\n

Question: How do we assign people to SEPG? We want to improve our software process but do not have the skilled resources.<\/p>\n

Answer: I strongly believe that skilled SEPG members should be recruited not prescribed. If you really care about software process improvement, you should not assign just any people to these roles because they are available or they know something about the CMMI. The success or failure of process improvement relies heavily on the skill of the people who lead them.<\/p>\n

The ideal SEPG members need a wide breadth of experience. This experience allows them to understand the changes that are needed on individual project, as well as across the entire organization, and the impact of certain changes made. They must be able to plan and manage process improvement as though it were a software project with project requirements, project estimates, project risks and tracking these factors throughout the life cycle.<\/p>\n

My advise is look around for organizations that have been successful in process improvement and recruit the people who leading them.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Is the scope of process improvement changing as the organization maturing?<\/p>\n

Answer: Yes, I believe the scope of improvement will change as maturity level increases. There are several opinions but following is my own interpretation:<\/p>\n

At level 1 to level 2: The focus of improvement is at Project level<\/p>\n

At level 2 to level 3: The focus of improvement is at Organization level (Multiple projects)<\/p>\n

At level 3 to level 4: The focus of improvement is at Product level (Multiple organizations to support a major product)<\/p>\n

At level 4 to level 5: The focus of improvement is at Business level (Multiple products or company business)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need to conduct software reviews? Is testing not good enough? How much does a defect cost?<\/p>\n

Answer: Most people do not aware how much a software defect cost.\u00a0 Let me give you a scenario on the cost of fixing a single defect:<\/p>\n

A customer calls and complains of a defect in an application, your first cost is the cost of time it took to take a phone call. Of course, you want to fix the defect right away but first you need to find the defect. A typical application in today environment may contain a million lines of code, and finding a single defect in that huge program is not easy. The time of finding the defect may be several weeks or months, and it costs money. Then you have to fix the defect, the cost of design, code, test, and deliver the fix to the customer is not cheap. It may also take weeks or maybe months. That is not finishing, since the customer still has to re-integrate the fix into the final product itself, it will take time and costs money too.<\/p>\n

The scenario does not end here. For each cost that takes up a person\u2019s time, you need to factor in what is known in accounting department as \u201cStandard overhead\u201d: The cost of all indirect items that go into an hour of work like electricity, lights, furniture, computer hardware, building facilities etc. Common conservative practice in accounting is for each hour of work, the overhead is twice that much. If you spend 2 days of finding and fixing a defect, the overhead cost could be 4 days and the total cost is 6 days worth of a programmer salary.<\/p>\n

However, that is not final yet, since the time to fix the defect preventing a programmer from developing more software (Lost opportunity costs). In this example, a lost factor of 6 days will be incurred.<\/p>\n

This simple scenario of fixing a simple defect costs 12 days worth of programmer salary. As you can see, it is very costlier to fix a defect and that is why I always encourage more software reviews. Software reviews identify and remove defect from getting into the application. A few hours of review may save the company weeks and months in finding, fixing a defect and of course, save the company a lot of money.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I think software is special thing and software people are individual creators who do not like bureaucracy.\u00a0 We do not need rigid software improvement here..<\/p>\n

Answer: We are not building software as a piece of art. We are not building software as a thing to be admired. We are in a business that requires all processes be managed and controlled in order to have a highly quality software product. I do agree that most software people are highly creative professionals but they do have to work within certain constraints such as schedule, cost, quality, safety and reliability etc. If these constraints are too rigid, we must work to improve it and it is called \u201cSoftware process improvement\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our current method does not work well.\u00a0 Most projects failed and the customer was very upset. We need to bring in new tools and methods, not improving something that does not work.<\/p>\n

Answer: Every new tools and methods introduce will provides a mix of risks and benefits. Unless the risks are understood and addressed in an orderly way, they will likely cause serious and unanticipated problems.<\/p>\n

When organization continue to bring in new tools, methods without properly addressing their readiness to use and the adoption process, the new tools and methods will impact the way the process is performed, thus destroying the relevance of the intuitive historical base on which the organization relies. Without a process to address these risks, most new tools and methods may do more harm than good.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our consultant recommends that all projects document their process to achieve CMMI level 2. Is that all there is for level 2?<\/p>\n

Answer: Some people may not have a complete understanding of the CMMI and assume that the existence of a set of document in the organization will makes all software projects successful. Process document is very important but it is not \u201cthe only thing\u201d. Beside define and document the process, the organization need to train people to follow the process, measure the effectiveness of the process, and continuously improving it over time so you can repeat your success.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Is software project management different from project management? What is the role of a software project manager?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software project management is not really different from project management but it does require specific skills and experiences due to the intangible nature of software.<\/p>\n

The fundamental role of a software project manager is to make sure that the project has effective control of its commitment to perform. This requires adequate preparation and clearly defines all the roles, responsibility and authority of people within the software project.<\/p>\n

The software project always starts with an estimates of the magnitude of the job to be done, such as how big is the product to be built, how long will it takes, what kind of skills needed to get the job done etc.<\/p>\n

A good software project manager always start with a project plan to determine the best schedule which can be met with anticipated resources required. In the absence of this plan, no commitment can be better than just an educated guess.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What is the different between Software Configuration Management (CM) and Software Requirements Management (RM)?<\/p>\n

Answer: The purpose of Requirements Management (RM) is to establish and maintain a common agreement between the customer and the software project (Developer) regarding the customer\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n

RM process includes:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Gathering requirements: Establish a process to collect customer requirements, and document these requirements.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Analyzing requirements: Evaluate and ensure requirements meet certain quality criteria (Clear, understood, testable, usable etc.)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Coordinating activities: Communicate validated requirements with other functions or affected groups (i.e. CM, SQA, Test groups, etc.)<\/p>\n

The purpose of Configuration Management (CM) is to establish and maintain the integrity of the work products of the software project throughout its life cycle.<\/p>\n

CM process includes:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0 Identifying the configuration of the software products (Configuration Items) at given points in time<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0 Maintaining the integrity of the software products (Baseline, Error recovery, backup, version controls etc.)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0 Managing change to configuration Items (Establish change process, change board, priority scheme, technical decisions, and release)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0 Reporting status of the software products to management<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: For the past few years, our SEPG spent most of their time in meetings. Sometimes they presented a few charts to us and nothing else. We have not seen any improvement activities yet. I do not know if they are doing their job or not. What should we do?<\/p>\n

Answer: If an SEPG spend years to come up with a couple of presentations and charts then maybe they are not doing their job effectively. It seems like your SEPG only \u201cTalk but not Work\u201d to make process improvement happens. It is possible that they do not know what to do and how to proceed. It is also possible that they may not have the skills necessary to make thing happen, therefore, attending meetings, participating in process action session, give them the illusion of \u201cdoing something\u201d while actually still sticking with notion of doing \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d. If you and members of your group are not happy with the progress, raise the concern to your manager.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do you always include organizational people in the assessment team? Why not train a special group to conduct assessment?<\/p>\n

Answer: If an assessment is conducted without adequate participation by the people from the organization being assessed, it may be viewed as an audit. An \u201caudit\u201d may not lead to any improvement due to the lack of organization commitment, buy-in, and ownership of the assessment findings.<\/p>\n

Improvement always requires commitments from people in the organization, therefore they should be involved in the assessment process, plan action, and deploy action to make changes happen.<\/p>\n

I am strongly opposing the concept of \u201cassessment experts\u201d whose sole job is to do assessment and nothing else. Remember it is easy to point out somebody else weaknesses but your own.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How do you improve the process without consider the people? I think you must improve people management first.<\/p>\n

Answer: You are right, no one can improve the process without addressing people and technology issues. Every software organization is dependent on the quality of the people that develop software and the adequate technology they employ. However, even with the best people and technology, there is always a limit to what people can accomplish when they are working 50 to 60 hours a week. It is hard to see how they could handle significant requirements changes and scope changes. That is why we need to have a requirements management process in place.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o SEPG? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=919"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":921,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/919\/revisions\/921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}