{"id":916,"date":"2013-06-26T00:17:04","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=916"},"modified":"2013-06-26T00:17:04","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T17:17:04","slug":"cmmi-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=916","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-21"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng? T\u1ea1i sao t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay x\u1edf l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft qu\u00e3ng 50% h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp CPU hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao, th\u00eam b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng, hay \u0111\u1ed5i bo m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00f4i khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1n cho t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nhau b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (COTS) \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o chip b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho v\u1ec7 tinh vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf website e-commerce.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n Ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, SEPG, v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c hay c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh? Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111ang bi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 cho quan li\u00eau h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba b\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SEPG bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Ban Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c \u0111ich v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. SEPG \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hay \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin SEPG gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t.\u00a0 Nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n\u00a0 th\u1ea9n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi mong mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd “c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i” m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra, m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n (nh\u01b0 Ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, SEPG, v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u00f3m SEPG nh\u1ecf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean “n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o.<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p \u0111o l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

10) \u00a0\u00a0H\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u vui \u0111\u00f9a khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0m sao duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng trong v\u00f2ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

1) Gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

2) L\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tham d\u1ef1:<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh\u00a0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

3) \u0110o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. M\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nhanh nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0 T\u1ea1i sao ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra? Sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t” th\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t?\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fang ta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ISO 9001 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn theo c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ISO 9001?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, IS0 9001 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u00f4ng lung th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ISO 9001 n\u0103m 1991. ISO 9001 \u201cchung chung\u201d t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cho n\u00f3. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ISO 9001 khi h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u201cCMMI m\u1ee9c 1\u201d khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo CMMI. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh 3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ISO 9001. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i \u201cD\u1ec5 l\u1eeba ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean ISO l\u1eafm.\u201d B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c b\u1ecb ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u201cch\u01a1i\u201d x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ISO 9001.<\/p>\n

V\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean ISO 9001 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh CMMI, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin ISO 9001 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ISO 9001 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac thay v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c pha v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed) hay ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao SEPG gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c 4 v\u00e0 5?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Theo hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 4 v\u00e0 5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u1ed5 v\u0169 SEPG l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 4 v\u00e0 5 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mi\u1ec1n qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c 4 v\u00e0 5, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong CMMI.\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean — nh\u1eefng canh t\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CMMI c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 4 hay 5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi CMM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra)\u00a0 Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 CMMI khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m SQA (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111o: n\u1ebfu \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec cho ra; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 4 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0 V\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0 V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 — “\u1ed2 v\u00e2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea5y.\u00a0 Sao m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y?\u00a0 N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf khi m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y n\u00f3!”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111o nh\u1eefng tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ef1c k\u00ec cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi hay n\u00e2ng cao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5.\u00a0 C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c l\u00e0: t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh an ninh, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version ———–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI-21<\/p>\n

Question: Why separate software and hardware? Why focus on software management, as hardware engineer, I think that I can manage software too.<\/p>\n

Answer: There are differences between hardware and software:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You can touch hardware but can not touch software.<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You can look at hardware but can not look at software.<\/p>\n

c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You can watch the hardware system being built and knowing that about half or 50% of the hardware system is in place, but you do not know about this with software.<\/p>\n

d)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 You can solve hardware problem by installing high performance CPU, add more memory, increase bandwidth, or change motherboard so the hardware system can run faster or perform better. This never happen in software.<\/p>\n

e)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To build hardware faster you can put more people and increase production volume but this is not true in software. Sometime more people create more problems with software.<\/p>\n

f)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A hardware development process can be defined precisely, you know what to do first and what to do last and you can measure the time it takes for each step in the process precisely. But you can not do that with software because people do things differently not precisely.<\/p>\n

When a software organization is managed by managers who succeeded in hardware business, serious trouble will take place. Both sides have to struggle in persuading each others because different mindset. Software products are unique so that generic methods and tools do not work well. There is no \u201cone size fits all\u201d in software. You must look at domain specific methods and tools because priority is different between domains. For example, the critical process of commercial software is fixing data flow but scientific software is focusing on select the right algorithm. With commercial of the shelf software (COTS) the important is the designing of good interface but embedded system is pushing instructions into least memory chips. People who design software for the telecommunication satellite do not do it the same way they would when design a website e-commerce.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need a Steering committee, a SEPG, and a Working group for process improvement? Are you advocating more bureaucracy?<\/p>\n

Answer: After many years of managing software process improvement, I found that infrastructure is the most critical to the success or failure of improvement. Based on my own experiences, I strongly urge the organization to set up a three-tier structure as follows:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A Steering committee consists of senior executives and key managers of the organization. Their role is to set direction for improvement, prioritizes and authorizes improvement activities, allocates resources and promotes improvement activities.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The SEPG consists of skilled and experienced people from the organization to coordinate and facilitate improvement activities and keep the steering committee informed.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Working groups consist of technical people formed to deploy improvement activities, to solve problems identified in the action plan and to make improvement happen.<\/p>\n

Process improvement is about change and change is mostly behavior. If people do not change their behavior, then there is no improvement. The Steering committee sets goals and expectations for behavior change and expects to see it happen. The SEPG advocates behavior change, and manages the change activities. In order to succeed, they must have the right skills to manage improvement activities or encourage behavior changes. Many people maybe trained by taking classes but may not develop the skills if they do not apply what they learned into practice. If the organization can identify the mistakes or failure, then they can develop and maintain the skills needed to keep failure from happening again. I really believe the SEPG helps the organization become skilled without losing face.\u00a0 The working group must be carefully selected for improvement activities since they deal with behavior change and set an example for the desired behavior. You can not take anybody that are available and tell them \u201cjust do it\u201d but choose the people carefully because they will serve as the role model for the entire organization.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What are things that successful organizations did to improve the process and achieved higher levels of maturity?<\/p>\n

Answer: Based on lessons learned, all successful organizations share the following common things:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Management commitment back up with on-going support, funding and infrastructure. (i.e. Steering committee, SEPG, and Process Working Group)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Project managers agree to commit people to work on improvement activities. This is very important, no process improvement can be successful without strong and proactive project management support<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Most people working on process improvement come from projects across the organization.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A small SEPG group exists to facilitate the sharing of information and consult on improvement activities.<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Focusing on real actions, not just policies and procedures but define the actual processes, pilots and refine them before train people to use them effectively.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A lot of \u201cawareness\u201d sessions are held to focus on key process.<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Establish project and process measurements and a baseline to measure against.<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Having a tracking mechanism in place and track activities monthly.<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Management continues to communicate the importance of process improvement over and over again.<\/p>\n

10) They all have fun doing it<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: My organization started software process improvement several years ago and we are making progress. However, due to business changes we are not sure how to sustain this initiative. Do you have any suggestion?<\/p>\n

Answer: There are always up and down in business cycle but you can sustain your process improvement program by:<\/p>\n

1) Keep all improvement activities visible:<\/p>\n

You should keep process improvement activities visible to all levels of management so they can not ignore it. You need to align the goals of process improvement to the business goals and communicate the need to improve the business throughout the organization.<\/p>\n

2) Make everyone involve:<\/p>\n

No process improvement can succeed in a vacuum. Everybody in the organization must involve in implementing some improvement tasks. You need to keep track of these activities and inform all levels of management of what is going on.<\/p>\n

3) Measure the improvement results:<\/p>\n

Every process improvement program must have clear measurable goals that relate to the business. All process improvement results must be collected, analyzed and tracked against business goals, and communicated across the organization. If the trend is favorable, that is your improvement activities do achieve its objectives, no one will like to tamper with success.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I think conducting more reviews is good but not realistic. We need software as fast as we can produce them.\u00a0 Why reviews and delay the release? Why don\u2019t we have \u201cjust good enough software\u201d?<\/p>\n

Answer: My question is \u201cHow good is enough?\u201d I do not advocate conducting more reviews for review sake but in the fast changing and highly competitive world, the success of business always depends on the quality of the product that we produce to the customer and we can not afford to have anything that may jeopardize our future here.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: My supplier is ISO 9001 certified and I want my software organization to move in the same direction so that we can compare note and share lessons learned. What do you think of ISO 9001?<\/p>\n

Answer: In my opinion, IS0 9001 is a good start for quality improvement but since it is so vague, I think your organization probably will have more questions than getting answers. I thought a lot about this when I was in training to become ISO 9001 auditor in 1991. The ISO 9001 is so \u201cgeneric\u201d that almost any software organization could qualify for it. I knew many companies have received ISO 9001 certified when they were without a doubt still a \u201cCMMI level 1\u201d when assessed against the CMMI. In the past years, I have assessed 3 organizations at level 1 but all got ISO 9001 certifications. The people there told me \u201cIt is easy to cheat the ISO auditors\u201d. This comment bothers me a lot because the time and money wasted on \u201cgaming\u201d the ISO 9001 certification.<\/p>\n

As both ISO 9001 auditor and CMMI Lead Assessor, I strongly believe ISO 9001 is a very good model to start on the quality improvement journey. The unfortunate is many organizations perceive ISO 9001 certification as the end rather the beginning.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Is it possible for an organization to put in place an improvement activity without management support?<\/p>\n

Answer: Most process improvement does require management support but if you want to improve your own process, you can start with formal inspections at the end of each life-cycle phases (Requirements, Design, Code, and Test.) or conducting more tests to improve software quality.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How can SEPG help organizations reach higher levels of maturity if they never work in a higher level organization before? What are the characteristics of a level 4 and 5?<\/p>\n

Answer: From my knowledge, very few SEPG members are lucky enough to work at higher maturity organizations. There are only few level 4 and 5 organizations. That is why I encourage SEPG to take advantage of more training, more sharing of experiences.<\/p>\n

I have conducted fourteen assessments in level 4 and 5 organizations and I have to say that besides satisfy all the Process Area goals of the level 4 and 5, these organizations go beyond the practices in the CMMI.\u00a0 No matter what you may envision beforehand, such an organization will have lots of surprises for you — innovations that they have thought of and implemented which the authors of the CMMI could not foresee. (This is probably because there were no level 4 or 5 organizations exist when the CMM was created)\u00a0 For example: Nowhere does the CMMI recommend that the decision to release a software product should be the result of the SQA group (not the developers) or computing a heavy algorithm-driven function based on measurements: if less than the threshold, release; else, rework.\u00a0 But of course, some Level 4 organization will do just that.\u00a0 And when you see such a process, there is instant recognition on the part of the Lead Assessor even if you haven’t seen this before.\u00a0 And your reaction is — “Oh yeah, that makes sense.\u00a0 Why didn’t I think of that before?\u00a0 It’s so obvious once I see it!”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How do you achieve customer satisfaction beside deliver a product on time?<\/p>\n

Answer: You need to ask yourself these questions:<\/p>\n

Who are our customers?<\/p>\n

Do we understand their expectations?<\/p>\n

Do we understand how they measure those expectations, and do we understand how we are doing against those measurements?<\/p>\n

Do we understand what is important to our customer from an improvement standpoint?<\/p>\n

Do we have a plan to put those improvements in place?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How does System Architect work? What kind of issues do we need to consider when integrate systems?<\/p>\n

Answer: Just as contractors require blueprints before beginning construction, system architects need detailed plans when designing computer systems. When multiple systems and applications must coexist within the same company, planning becomes even more critical. A mass of different technologies and competing standards can lead to extremely high maintenance costs and endless frustration with integration requirements. When integrate new technologies or enhance existing systems, System Architect must ensure that they are consistent with the overall technical architecture for the business.\u00a0 The key aspects of technology architecture at each level are: Scalability, Security, Portability, Reuse, Maintainability and Adaptability to new business rules.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng? T\u1ea1i sao t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=916"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":918,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/916\/revisions\/918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}