{"id":903,"date":"2013-06-25T23:50:19","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T16:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=903"},"modified":"2013-06-25T23:50:19","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T16:50:19","slug":"cmmi-25","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=903","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-25"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o t\u00ean l\u00e0 Fleming. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ta nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng ta ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111ang la h\u00e9t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ecm. Anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Fleming c\u1ee9u c\u1eadu b\u00e9 tho\u00e1t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe xa hoa t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed7 c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t qu\u00ed \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 m\u00e0 anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Fleming \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u. “T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1eadu t\u1ea1 \u00f4ng,” qu\u00ed \u00f4ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i. “\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con trai t\u00f4i.”<\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u00f4i,” ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u1eadu con trai ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. “Con \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y \u00e0?” qu\u00ed \u00f4ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecfi. “V\u00e2ng,” ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu con \u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.”<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, con c\u1ee7a anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Fleming t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c St. Mary \u1edf London, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Alexander Fleming, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra Penicillin. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a qu\u00ed \u00f4ng kia b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u anh ta? – Penicillin.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00ed \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng Randolph Churchill v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a con \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Winston Churchill.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i tin gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Agile trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh thay cho CMMI kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Agile KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n giao nhanh. Agile KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham gia th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p agile s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ee9 ba, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p agile l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p agile.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

1) C\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qui tr\u00ecnh – Process Action Team (PAT) bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (2- 4) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Pha x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

2) C\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong 2 t\u1edbi 4 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng (Th\u1eed & Sai). Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1ed5 n\u00ean thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t hay hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi trong pha th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai (t\u00f4i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n). Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trung th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ed9i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 xem li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng hay c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ghi l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t hay qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

3) T\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hay thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 m\u1edbi trong pha n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a pha n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v.v.)<\/p>\n

4) N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 coi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc 2, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed1 v\u00ec ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

5) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

a) Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho SEPG r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

b) SEPG s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chung.<\/p>\n

c) SEPG s\u1ebd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

d) SEPG s\u1ebd ban h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

e) SEPG s\u1ebd thu x\u1ebfp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00ean hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SEPG)<\/p>\n

f) Sau khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n xong, SEPG s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

g) N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, SEPG s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a “qui tr\u00ecnh \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u1edf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

SEPG s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng “qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi” cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang. SEPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho t\u1ed5 r\u1eb1ng “qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi” l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c). L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Pha n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng SEPG ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec (Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (l\u00e0m n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh trong CMMI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. “Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 CMMI \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u linh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. V\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0i trang gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u trang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a SEPG l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng n\u00ean:<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m:<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong hay v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng tin:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c hay c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc s\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9:<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ai trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh t\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: CMMI c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3 t\u1edbi 4 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh CMMI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1edb, ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhanh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf (2 t\u1edbi 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) trong \u0111\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111a k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ‘c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c’, bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng li\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0y nay. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e3ng ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 qu\u00e3ng 20% t\u1edbi 40% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Mua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00e3ng n\u1ecd sang h\u00e3ng kia v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n qua m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn quanh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. (nh\u01b0. Web, e-Business v.v.)<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Trong khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Web, Java, v.v c\u00f2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n (v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n hay v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng), t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need to share things with other on process improvement so someday they may compete with us?<\/p>\n

Answer: I would like to tell you a real story of a poor farmer name Fleming. One day, while working on his land he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby lake. He ran to the lake and found a boy screaming and struggling from drowning. Farmer Fleming saved the boy from what could have been a terrible death. The next day, an expensive car pulled up to the poor farmer house. A nobleman stepped out, introduced himself as the father of the boy Farmer Fleming had saved. “I want to repay you,” said the nobleman. “You saved my son’s life.”<\/p>\n

“No, I can’t accept payment for what I did, everybody would do the same. You do not need to thank me” the farmer replied.<\/p>\n

At that moment, the farmer’s own son came to the door of the family house. “Is that your son?” the nobleman asked. “Yes,” the farmer replied proudly.<\/p>\n

“Let me give him a scholarship for his education. If your son is good like you he’ll grow up to a man that you can be proud of.”<\/p>\n

And that he did. Several years later, Farmer Fleming’s son graduated from St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London, and went on to become known throughout the world as Sir Alexander Fleming, the man who discoverer Penicillin. The story did not end there, many years after the nobleman’s son was stricken with pneumonia. What saved him? – Penicillin.<\/p>\n

The name of the nobleman is Lord Randolph Churchill and his son’s name is Sir Winston Churchill.<\/p>\n

So \u201cWhat goes around comes around\u201d and that is why I believe in educating and sharing experiences with others is the greatest gift.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Is it possible to use Agile in process improvement instead of CMMI?<\/p>\n

Answer:\u00a0 Agile is NOT a framework for software improvement but a method software development, especially for small project that may not have all requirements clearly defined but must deliver fast. Agile is NOT a solution for everything and you must determine whether or not this method is appropriated. You need to have several conditions for this method to work: First, since requirements are not well defined yet, it is critical that customer spend time with the team to help define the requirements throughout the project. If the customer is busy and can not participate than you should not select this method; second, this method requires team members to be highly technical and disciplined workers. They must work effectively and efficiently in a fast changing environment by fulfill many roles and willing to step in as needed to achieve the desired level of performance and quality. Without good experienced people, agile method will not work well. Third, the nature of agile method is self-organizing so it is essential for team members to be open and freely sharing information and solution. For this approach to be successfully, all team members must know how to work together. They must know how to communicate clearly and trust each others during the daily activities. Without strong teamwork, you should not use agile method.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What is the best way to deploy improvement tasks documented in the Action plan?<\/p>\n

Answer: For deployment of improvement task, there are several approaches but following is the method that I found work best in many situations:<\/p>\n

1) Have a Process Action Team (PAT) consists of few people (2- 4) to define a solution to a problem identified in the action plan. (Define phase)<\/p>\n

2) The same team can pilot the solution in 2 to 4 projects to see if it works (Trial & Error) However, the risk is the team who originated the solution maybe biased. Therefore, I suggest the team to replace one or two original member(s) with a new one(s) during the pilot phase. Solution can be piloted in the same project where the team comes from or in different projects or a combination (I would prefer a combination). Please note that although there are several pilot area, the solution must remain as faithful as the original if possible, do not hurry to modify the solution yet. The key is to see whether the original solution works as is or need changes. If it needs changes then note the detail of what need to be changed and if it really needs a major changes then maybe the original solution is not well defined or too generic.<\/p>\n

3) The team pilots the solution could refine it based on pilot results or substitute a new team member during this phase. Result of this phase is a documented guideline, procedure to solve a problem (For example a procedure to do code review, a guideline to plan project etc.)<\/p>\n

4) If the team does not think the solution is well defined, you could go back to step 2, more pilots and refinements before institutionalization. Data need to be collected here. Please note that there is no perfect solution, do not strive for perfection.<\/p>\n

5) Assume everything is working well then start the process of institutionalization as follow:<\/p>\n

a) Inform the SEPG that you have a solution.<\/p>\n

b) SEPG will review to verify that the task is complete and ready to be shared<\/p>\n

c) SEPG will plan a communication plan for this task<\/p>\n

d) SEPG will issue a memo to announce the task<\/p>\n

e) SEPG will arrange for organization training (All members who come up with the solution, pilot the solution and revise the solution should train others, NOT member of the SEPG)<\/p>\n

f) After the training take place, SEPG will monitor the use of the new solution within the organization for effectiveness and collect data to support it.<\/p>\n

g) If it has been used effectively, SEPG will secure a policy from senior manager to declare this solution is part of the “Prefer processes” to be used from now on.<\/p>\n

SEPG will continue to monitor the usage of the “new process” for continuous improvements which may indicate more revisions as more people use them. SEPG may suggest to the team that the “new process” is good but a guide maybe needed and that is another area for improvement (Continuously). Note that institutionalization always takes longer time. This phase requires that the SEPG must be actively involved. Remember that for a process to be fully institutionalized, it must be Defined, Documented, Used, Measured, Verified, Maintained (Training) and continuously improved (Do it several times).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Most processes in the CMMI require that they are developed according to a documented procedure. How detailed is a \u201cDocumented procedure?\u201d<\/p>\n

Answer: The answer is: Detailed enough to be useful, but not too detailed to be unusable. The point here is that the CMMI framework leaves a lot of flexibility in terms of level of detail. There are some factors that influence how you document your processes such as the size of your organization, the size of your project, process description tools, budget, and organization culture. For a small organization, a few pages maybe enough but for larger organization, a several pages maybe the right answers.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What are the requirements for a change agent or SEPG?<\/p>\n

Answer: The prospective change agent should be:<\/p>\n

Empathy:<\/p>\n

The change agent’s efforts are oriented toward the participants in the transition to the extent that the change agent has experience working in or with the participants’ organization and can build rapport with that organization, he is better able to empathize with their situation.<\/p>\n

Credible<\/p>\n

The change agent must be technologically and personally credible. She is a person who persists in the face of initial failures. She must be knowledgeable of the software technology to be implemented. She should have a history of successes in other software technology transition work or on similarly complex projects calling for both technical and human relations expertise.<\/p>\n

Politically Astute<\/p>\n

A successful change agent must be able to assess who in the participants’ organization is interested in the change, who is likely to resist it, who will have the resources to help the change, and who will have the resources to put a stop to the change.<\/p>\n

A Problem Identifier and Problem Solver:<\/p>\n

A successful change agent must be able to analyze a situation and uncover root causes of problems. She must also be able to consider multiple technologies as possible solutions to participants’ problems. She must be able to identify and understand sources of potential resistance, and translate this into feedback to the developers of the software technology.<\/p>\n

A Past Project Manager<\/p>\n

The same skills that are important in managing a project are important in managing a transition effort. A successful change agent has a proven track record as a good project planner. He works before and during the transition to predict and diagnose software technology delivery and implementation problems. He continually collects and consolidates data on the transition effort and monitors the criteria for a successful transition. He knows who in the organization is more likely to adopt the software technology, and he identifies people in the participants’ organization who would be good opinion leaders. He highlights and rewards the support he receives from people in management and from the participants.<\/p>\n

Knowledgeable of Software Technology<\/p>\n

The successful change agent is familiar and adept with the software technology to be transitioned.<\/p>\n

And most of all, you must be an Excellent Communicator, Skilled Negotiator, Consultant, Trainer, Leader, Innovator, Defender, Writer, Teacher, Politician, Producer, Performer and Advertiser.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: How does CMMI work in small project such as 3 to 4 months in duration and less than 5 persons?<\/p>\n

Answer: It works fine if you taken into consideration of what I called \u201cCommon sense\u201d. Most CMMI practices can be modified to fit the needs. Remember, the key is the solution not the documentation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I think all programmers should learn extreme programming so we can code fast. We do NOT need to do process improvement documentation stuff. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: First, Extreme programming method is good for small projects (2 to 8 people) in which communication between members is easy and each person does many things from customer interfaces to design, code, test and release. This may not do well in large project environment which is require integration efforts. Extreme programming requires multi-skilled individuals who are ‘self-motivating, investigative, analytical, creative that have very strong inter-personal skills in order to understand customer’s problem(s) and much disciplined teamwork to release product within time allowed. I’m not sure that few programmers can work in large, complex situations, in which software is developed and supported today. You need to understand that software project is not just code.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Why do we need to improve the process when technology is changing very fast? Why not just buying technology?<\/p>\n

Answer: Technology evolves much more rapidly than our ability to deal with the change. Today, most technology has a life of three to five years. That means obsolescence occurs at the rate of about 20% to 40% per year. Buying technology will NOT solve business problems. The successful organization is the one that recognizes the only constant is change and continuously improving its process.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I think I could make more money in learning new things and move around than work as software engineer. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: I always believe that a professional must take personal responsibility for their career development. It is easy for people to move from one firm to another firm and get a higher salary with each move. The free-flow of developers is good because new ideas move around and it is easy for workers to find work. I also understand that with the increasing rate of technology change and product complexity, there is a notion that the value of the workers is less in what they know business in detail but more in how quickly they can learn new things. (i.e. Web, e-Business etc.)<\/p>\n

However, I believe that this is a short-termed trend because a professional must understand in detail the business goals and objectives, how to improve products, obtain customer satisfaction to business in a better way. While people can pick up new technologies such as Web, Java, etc. rather quickly (Few weeks or few months), I believe that it will take years to learn all of the details of a business domain, system implementation details, and how business is done. It is a personal choice and you know it better than me.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=903"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":905,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/903\/revisions\/905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}