{"id":891,"date":"2013-06-25T23:22:41","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T16:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=891"},"modified":"2013-06-25T23:22:41","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T16:22:41","slug":"cmmi-29","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=891","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-29"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d hay th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c danh hay ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 SEPG kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, xin l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh.\u00a0 C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra xem ai s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00e3u h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c 3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao\u00a0 gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 CMMI.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ee9c 3, Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c – Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh OSSP. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i (Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh). H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00edch c\u1ee1, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i g\u1eedi cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn OSSP b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng CMMI v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp SEPG. T\u00f4i n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng CMMI nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0u b\u00ean trong SEPG.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1edbn (tr\u00ean 1,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n hay nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m m\u1ed7i l\u00fac. L\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ngay m\u1ed9t l\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v.v. Ch\u1ec9 khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (v\u00e0i n\u0103m) t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00eam cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111o. Sau khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch \u0111o tuy\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo d\u00f5i m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Sau r\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qui tr\u00ecnh (PAL)?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y “th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t” hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qui tr\u00ecnh (PAL) n\u1ed5i l\u00ean khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 1 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 2. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 “th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t,” ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1edbi tuy\u1ec3n\u00a0 t\u1eadp qui tr\u00ecnh c\u0169, c\u00e1i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 CMMI khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e2n cao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i tin CMMI l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong khi cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

CMMI kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, hay c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc\u00a0 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i sai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh. Khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay s\u1eeda v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed5 m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169 nh\u01b0 tham chi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, hay \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi\u00a0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i tin vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0. T\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi th\u1ea9m m\u0129, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. T\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ch\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? Qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 hay s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tranh c\u00e3i l\u1eabn nhau. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u00ean l\u00e0: \u201cchia s\u1ebb 10 ph\u00fat\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Qui t\u1eafc l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian. Khi h\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng. N\u1ebfu chu\u00f4ng rung v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i sau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u01afu ti\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ghi t\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00f3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c t\u1edd chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

5) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai n\u00f3i,\u00a0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 hay \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai.<\/p>\n

6) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Vui v\u1ebb, chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ISO 9001 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 CMMI v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 CMM m\u1ee9c 2. \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi CMM m\u1ee9c 2 sau ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ISO 9001 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n hay c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00f2ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 2 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ISO 9001 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

— Ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng?\u00a0 (QA hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n)<\/p>\n

— C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

— Ai n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? Ai s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 QA, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed?) v\u00e0 ai n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ra?<\/p>\n

— C\u00e1i g\u00ec “th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1” l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n

— T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb, “Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ISO 9001” sang “Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n qui tr\u00ecnh b\u00f9 trong People CMM m\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 PA ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd n\u00ean bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ham mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0 c\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng to\u00e0n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. L\u00e0m sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c CMMI d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1eebng t\u00ed m\u1ed9t, qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng chung cu\u1ed9c, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ee9c 2 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 h\u00f4m qua nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u00a0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: CMMI y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hay v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDLC) th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: CMMI kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn. CMMI kh\u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5\u00a0 n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. CMMI c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o\u00a0 (SDLC) nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng SDLC th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u CMM th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDLC) n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo ch\u00fang, d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang, \u0111o ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng\u00a0 c\u1ee5, hay SDLC cho t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m m\u1ee9c. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Organization Software Standard Process (OSSP). Qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n “t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xanh” nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qui tr\u00ecnh (PAL) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1eadp ra giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1ch \u0111o tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3: Ch\u00fang t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp (m\u1ee9c 4). C\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y ngang qua m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau qua th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. T\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c 4 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n X l\u1ed7i) v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c 5 trong Canh t\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn l\u00e1i t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kia. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed5i chi ph\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9). B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: Trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng qua, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i (th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SEPG):<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u00ec t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a SEPG, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb phi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb “ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng” cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e2u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. T\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 — kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0, hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hai n\u0103m tham gia c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng! B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp sinh l\u1ef1c cho to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh) v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u1ecbp thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; trong khi nh\u1ecbp qu\u00e1 nhanh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi SEPG c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh coi nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Watts Humphrey, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CMM \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG “ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao.”<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1eafc b\u00faa. B\u1ea1n, xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a SEPG, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0 D\u1ec5 tr\u00e1ch ai \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1eafc b\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay hai l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version —-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I am not a \u201cChange agent\u201d or SEPG member. How could I help process improvement?<\/p>\n

Answer: Change agent is not a title or position and SEPG is not an exclusive club. Anyone can be a change agent. When you notice something that can be improved in your organization, you have an opportunity to be a change agent. Management always appreciates people who are willing to help in improving the process.<\/p>\n

However, when you identify a need for change, please take steps to learn more about the process.\u00a0 Having adequate information is very important to make good decision because sometimes a recommendation for a change can fail when people makes suggestions without investing enough time in understanding why things are done that way. You need to investigate on who would be affected by the change you are suggesting and what the cost of making the change would be. You need to listen to all points of view, and consider asking everybody before making your recommendations. Learn from the experience of others and always be polite, respectful, and most of all, persistent.<\/p>\n

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Question: What is the role of software developers during the level 3 improvement activities?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software developers are key contributors in process improvement at any levels. Without them improvement will never happen.<\/p>\n

Developers need to follow software procedures and standard in the organization to ensure consistency. They need to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of methods and tools used in the organization as well as the CMMI framework.<\/p>\n

At level 3, the Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP) exists to provide guidance and ensure consistency. Developers need to follow the project defined software process that is a tailored version of the OSSP defined process. They need to ensure that the software product that they create is of highest possible quality by removing defects (Conduct more reviews, inspections).They need to follow certain technique to ensure accurate and timely submittal of size, effort, schedule, and defect data to the Project Manager. Since improvement is continuous, developers also need to participate in the improvement of the OSSP by submitting change requests and propose improvement ideas to the organization improvement process to make it a better place to work.<\/p>\n

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Question: My organization just starts to use the CMMI and I am forming a SEPG. What approach should I use?<\/p>\n

Answer: There are many approaches to start process improvement using CMMI but following is my recommendation:<\/p>\n

As a SEPG member, you need to ensure that all improvement activities are aligned with organization business goals, objectives. Then you may want to coordinate, facilitate improvement activities between groups or projects and tracking these activities within your SEPG.<\/p>\n

If your organization is large (Over 1,000 people) you may want to divide it into smaller groups based on specific domain or business and improve one group at a time. It is difficult and risky to do everything all at once, since changes require significant efforts and commitment.<\/p>\n

Before you start, you need to have a meeting with senior management to discuss the improvement process, resources and effort estimates, goals and expectations, investment and return on investment etc. Only when you have long term commitment (several years) from senior management, you may start improvement activities.<\/p>\n

The next step would be training all managers regarding the improvement activities to obtain their support. They must understand, commit and support what you are planning to do and only when all managers agreed with you then you may begin the additional training to people in the organization. You need to explain the improvement process starting with obtain their commitment, conduct appraisal to know where the organization is as well as the strengths and weaknesses and the action plan with measurements. After people really understand what the improvement is all about and agree to support you then you may start the appraisal activities, develop action plans and deploy improvement activities. You also need to establish a baseline measurement against the business goals and begin tracking all improvement activities. After all, you need data to prove that improvement activities indeed do make the difference.<\/p>\n

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Question: When do we need to collect best practices for the Process Assets Library (PAL)?<\/p>\n

Answer: Anytime you find “Best practices” or something that works in your organization. Typically, Process Assets Library (PAL) emerges when organization going from Level 1 to Level 2. As long as there are “Best practices”, one must collect and deposit them in a place where people can share and use.<\/p>\n

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Question: Why bother with an old collection of process that limits personal creativity such as the CMMI when software is highly innovation process?<\/p>\n

Answer: On the contrary, I believe CMMI is a powerful framework that enables an organization to produce better products while providing its employees with an improved working environment.<\/p>\n

The CMMI is not a required process. There aren\u2019t steps, or activities, that must be strictly followed. Process improvement is really an adaptation and corrective actions using past project information. By following a well-defined process, organization can reduce the uncertainties and risks. That is why the organization must document and verify what is done. If something goes wrong for a project, the information will be used on the next one to avoid making the same mistakes.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, I have worked in an organization that didn\u2019t follow a process. When a project ended, the design documentation didn\u2019t correspond to the software product, and there wasn\u2019t any time to document or correct any of the found problems. When a new project began, the new team used the old documentation as a design reference and, therefore, repeated many mistakes from the previous project. Without a formal process to verify and validate the design, to do configuration management, or to manage requirements, the same mistakes continued to be made on each and every project. These errors ultimately created more problems and cost more than it would have cost to simply improve by updating the design documentation.<\/p>\n

Regarding personal creativity, I believe develop software is similar to the process of a building construction. Is the architect\u2019s creativity limited by rules and building code regulations? Maybe a little since the architect has to comply with certain rules such as safety, the characteristics of the materials used, be concerned with aesthetics, and so on. Creativity, knowledge and skills are personal attributes but do people lose them because they are following a process? Does a process dictate how a person thinks or creates? I do not think so.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Our meeting on process improvement is not effective. Most people spend time arguing with each other. How do I create an environment where people can share things effectively?<\/p>\n

Answer: There is a technique called: \u201c10 minutes sharing\u201d which is an opportunity for people to talk on process improvement. The rules are:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 All subjects must be focused on process improvement activities only<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Each people get a maximum of ten minutes to talk.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There will be a timer. When the ten minutes are up, speaker must stop.\u00a0 If the bell rings in mid-sentence, we will stop there. Conversations after meeting to finish a subject are encouraged.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Priority for speaking:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 People must put their name on the list before the meeting.<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 People will speak in the order that they sign up.\u00a0 Since this is not a presentation, no projector, slides is allowed, only candid conversation to share what you learned.<\/p>\n

5) If no one is left to speak, we may go back to an earlier speaker or open to anyone.<\/p>\n

6) Have fun, share a lot, and make improvement happen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: My organization was ISO 9001 certified few months ago and currently we are working on the CMMI hoping to achieve at least CMM level 2. Is it easier to achieve CMM level 2 after ISO 9001 audit or the other way around?<\/p>\n

Answer: Many people may think that it is easier to achieve Level 2 when you are ISO 9001 certified but there are certain issues that need to be answered:<\/p>\n

— Who is in charge for quality?\u00a0 (QA or the project)<\/p>\n

— Is there other way to develop software rather than follow a quality plan require that people to strictly follow certain number of documented procedures.<\/p>\n

— Who should be responsible for software procedure? Who own policy, plan, and process (Is it QA, project, or management?) and who should write them?<\/p>\n

— What are “really” a procedure, policy, quality plan, and process?<\/p>\n

— The organization must shift the thinking from, “We’ve got to pass the ISO 9001 audit” to “We have to improve the way we manage our software projects.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: What correlation between Performance Management and Compensation PAs in People CMM level 2 and Skills and knowledge analysis PA at Level 3?<\/p>\n

Answer: Each person should have the individual improvement goals documented in their performance plan identify what they want to improve. They should include their individual training goals that correlate with their desire to broadening assignment and activities.<\/p>\n

During performance review with their supervisor, the employee should discuss his or her current responsibilities, position and accountabilities and how it correlates with the individual improvement goals.<\/p>\n

Ideally, the result of the performance review should be used as one of many criteria for future compensation. The organization training focal should incorporate all individual training goals into a training plan for the organization. The individual desire to broadening assignments and activities should be used in preparing a report that managers and leaders use for future staffing both part-time and full-time functions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I was very surprised that my organization was assessed at level 2. I did not notice any changes or improvements. How does it happen?<\/p>\n

Answer: Sometime achieving a CMMI level seems to occur overnight. But change is always happening, little by little, over a period of time. People changes at different rates, but eventually, the entire organization does change. Level 2 is only the beginning, the first step of a long journey. You probably do not see much different between today and yesterday but if your organization continues to follow its course, people from the organization will be able to see significant changes few years from now.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: Which methodology does the CMMI required? What about tools or software development life cycle (SDLC)?<\/p>\n

Answer: The CMMI does not require any methodology but insists that the organization following one. CMMI does not dictate any tool to use but the organization must select whichever tool it need to develop and maintain software. The CMMI also does not insist on any particular software development life cycle (SDLC) but the organization must decide which appropriate SDLC to use.<\/p>\n

What the CMM really implies is that the organization selects whatever tools, software development life cycle (SDLC), and methodology to use and follow them, use them, measure them and improve on them. In fact, the organization may have more than one methodology, tool, or SDLC for each type of project.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: I do not understand why we need to focus too much on following a document process and the usage of it throughout the five levels. Please explain.<\/p>\n

Answer: A document process is a heap of paper unless people use it to do something. Document is the first step but not the final destination. Basically, at level 2 projects can use their own documented process. However, at level 3 projects should use the Organization Software Standard Process (OSSP). The standard process should not appear “out of the blue sky” as the invention of a group somewhere. It should come from best practices: The best process collected from several projects and stored in the process asset library (PAL) for re-use by other projects. These re-usable assets establish the fact that the organizational has standard processes to be used by all projects and therefore it is consistently managing all of its projects accordingly. It also sets the stage for the collection of measurements on the use of those assets: How good are they? How accurate are they? This becomes the basis for setting up the organization to truly measure process and product performance at the next maturity level. (Level 4) The measurements being based on the use of these basic assets across all projects, it allows a comparison of the results of different projects over time which forms the basis for statistical process control. At level 4 projects are managed to certain expected goals (i.e. No schedule slippage more than a few days, no more than X defects) and data collected will be used to see which assets are the cause of variations. Assets causing variation are candidates for improvement at level 5 in Technology innovation and Change Management and Process Change Management where tools, methods and processes are upgraded to reduce the variation.<\/p>\n

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Question: My customer wants maximum speed but we want to perform with quality and efficiency. How do you balance this?<\/p>\n

Answer: It is true that both sides have different views. The key for you and your customer is to recognize this and to develop an understanding of what is driving the other. You don’t have to agree to everything, but there is value in the heightened sensitivity. Doing this may result in certain trade- offs that might not otherwise have come up (for example, trading cost for speed). You can’t always have your way but you can educate your customer on why things are the way they are.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: In the past few months, several people have written to me and expressed frustration over some decisions for placing them in a bad situation. They have been given an order to improve the process to achieve a level by a certain date, yet everything else has more priority than the process improvement.<\/p>\n

Answer: Let’s look at the situation and the roles of the change agent (SEPG members):<\/p>\n

A change agent supposed to provide the enthusiasm, skills, and direction needed to overcome resistance and make change happen.<\/p>\n

First, let’s discuss the enthusiasm issue: If you are not enthusiasm about what you do then change agent is not a job for you. I assume that when accepting a SEPG job, you do possess this attribute unless you were “assigned” the job you never wanted. In that case, you need to have a long discussion with your manager.<\/p>\n

Second, let’s look at the skills issue. I strongly believe that SEPG member should be recruited — not assigned. This means that management should not assign people to this role just because they are there and available but carefully select qualified people who can make the difference. To be successful, a SEPG member needs a wide breadth of software experience. At least, several years in develop and maintain software. This experience allows the SEPG member to understand the changes that are needed on projects as well as across the organization and, to understand the impact of certain changes on projects and on the organization. In the past several years, I have trained many SEPG members and my training required two-year of workshops and practicum, that is lots of training and I hope many of you will be able to apply what you learned to your organization.<\/p>\n

Of course, process improvement is never an easy task! You need to motivate personnel, create enthusiasm, and energize the entire organization. You need to make the organization understand both the vision and the current reality relative to that vision. Some of this understanding comes when you translate assessment results (weaknesses and strengths) into action plans. You need to be very creative in finding solutions to project and organizational weaknesses. You also have to guide the pace at which change occurs in the organization because if the pace of change is too slow, progress will be limited; while too rapid a pace will be disruptive and self-defeating. A skilled SEPG should be able to plan and manage process improvement as though it was a software project.<\/p>\n

Watts Humphrey, the author of CMM said: SEPG member “must be a knowledgeable manager with a demonstrated ability to make things happen, the respect of the project professionals, and the support of the top management”.<\/p>\n

So instead of pointing the finger to somebody else, let’s ask ourselves some hard questions. Do you, as a SEPG member, by choice, have the qualities and background necessary to guide a process improvement program to successful conclusions in your organization? Are you the people who can make things happen? Do you have the respect of project leaders and organizational managers such that you can perform the tasks required of you as the change agent? Do you have the enthusiasm needed to make the organization change?\u00a0 It is easy to blame somebody or something when things do not work the way you wanted but there are times you need to look deeply into yourself and ask hard questions, not only once, or twice but everyday.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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