{"id":872,"date":"2013-06-25T22:30:09","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T15:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=872"},"modified":"2013-06-25T22:30:09","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T15:30:09","slug":"cmmi-36","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=872","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-36"},"content":{"rendered":"

36.01 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>SEPG hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP) kh\u00f4ng? Ai n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hay SEPG?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb “nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t” trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a SEPG l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 chung \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

SEPG kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra OSSP\u201d m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG th\u00edch d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1ea1o ra OSSP b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u01a1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tin m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang. Lo\u1ea1i OSSP n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho OSSP l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, SEPG ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp “c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t” hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u00e1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u00e1 ch\u00fang cho d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t minh l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

SEPG kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t OSSP\u201d. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng SEPG \u0111ang \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh then ch\u1ed1t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn then ch\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a SEPG l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do \u0111\u00f3, SEPG kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t OSSP\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c – \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111ang k\u00ecm gi\u1eef h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u00edch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia trong th\u00e1p ng\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ‘m\u1ee9c’ m\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

SEPG c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chia s\u1ebb \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d qua OSSP. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng OSSP v\u00e0 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eebng bu\u1ed9c mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

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36.02 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. M\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd g\u00ec m\u1ea5y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh h\u01a1n? M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi kinh doanh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n mua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

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36.03 H\u1ecfi<\/i>: <\/b>Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00ec l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1 bao qu\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 “ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea7m”, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u1eady trong t\u1ed5. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e9o nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u0111o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y n\u00f3i ai l\u00e0m g\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn theo giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i n\u00e0o h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung hay t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 n\u00ean ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i v\u00e0o cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m. Trong khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 n\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

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36.04 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0 C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh cho n\u00f3.\u201d Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 hai qui tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3. Qui tr\u00ecnh A t\u00ecm ra 3 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean KLOC nh\u01b0ng qui tr\u00ecnh B t\u00ecm ra 5 l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean KLOC trong c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 B l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n A b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh qui tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u201cL\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tham gia trong qui tr\u00ecnh kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u201cDuy tr\u00ec ma tr\u1eadn d\u00f5i v\u1ebft\u201d cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng minh. \u201c\u01afu ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

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36.05 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed theo qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed theo con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qui tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t n\u00ean d\u00e0nh 80% th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ed1t hay l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi nh\u1eb9 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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36.06H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 ISO 9000?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>ISO 9000 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ISO 9000 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ISO 9000 l\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO 9000. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tin v\u00e0o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng. \u00cdch l\u1ee3i then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ISO l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m tra b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1i l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi chu\u1ea9n ISO standards.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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36.07 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u trao \u0111\u1ed5i, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu hay b\u1ea3n th\u1eed m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean” l\u00e0 do “ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai” x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay n\u1eafm b\u1eaft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1ng gia t\u0103ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ph\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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36.08 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 tranh c\u00e3i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c 3, 4, v\u00e0 5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Ai d\u1eebng nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n? N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i, th\u1eddi gian chu k\u00ec, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c CMM v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a?<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tinh ranh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c “t\u1eeb \u0111ao to b\u00faa l\u1edbn” hay “c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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36.09 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>\u00cdch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 g\u00ec b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i (c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0a ra) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng pha c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean qua th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay pha y\u00eau\u00a0 c\u1ea7u. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. S\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m pha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong pha \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o pha sau hay kh\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong qui tr\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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36.10 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng CMMI trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nhau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>C\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Process Improvement Network (SPIN) n\u0103m 1992 nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan khi \u0111i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh,\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch? C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn?\u201d<\/p>\n

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36.11 H\u1ecfi<\/i>: <\/b>Xin th\u00eam kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4 khan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p<\/b>: N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 “ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4 khan” th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm “ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t” nh\u01b0 con thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Noah. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u2026<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb con thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Noah.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 con thuy\u1ec1n (hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nh\u1edb l\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang trong c\u00f9ng con thuy\u1ec1n (hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0a khi Noah d\u1ef1ng thuy\u1ec1n (Nh\u1edb t\u1edbi KPA l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Duy tr\u00ec chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, cho d\u00f9 \u1edf 600 tu\u1ed5i, ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1eddi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u1ebb em)<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u1eebng nghe l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, hay d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m (Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 cho ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p li\u00ean nh\u00f3m)<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n cao (tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ee9c 5)<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch an to\u00e0n, lu\u00f4n \u0111i c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i (l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5)<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nhanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. S\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi b\u00e1o hoa. (Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1edbi)<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Khi b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c (\u0110\u1eebng coi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng – th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 SPIN)<\/p>\n

10)\u00a0\u00a0Thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra b\u1edfi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. Con t\u1ea7u Titanic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t u\u1ef7 ban x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. (Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 OSSP h\u1eed!)<\/p>\n

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36.12 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>\u00dd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ngay sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc?\u00a0 Hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>C\u00f3 v\u00e0i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5t l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf (kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0 chi ti\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam – r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n, quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ef1 kho\u00e1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt r\u00f5 l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

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36.13 H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 SEPG m\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Say \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 10 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1edbm v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n cho ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e2u h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1edbm s\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tin c\u1eady trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n chia nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/p>\n

S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI#36<\/p>\n

36.01 Question: <\/i><\/b>Should SEPG or software practitioners create the Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP)? Who should enforce it, manager or SEPG?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>By definition, Organization Standard Software Process (OSSP) is a set of processes approved for use in an organization. They should come from \u201cbest practices\u201d in the organization that means most of them already exist and being used in the organization. The job of the SEPG is to identify, organize and store them in a common place so people can use them effectively.<\/p>\n

SEPG should not be \u201cOSSP creator\u201d although I do know some SEPG members would like to spent years creating the OSSP by writing process elements, procedures, and templates in isolation and believe people should use them. This kind of OSSP rarely works since most software practitioners will reject it because it is something being forced upon them which they do not have inputs. To make OSSP a success, SEPG must collect existing \u201cBest practices\u201d, which come from practitioners within the organization, organize and simplify them for ease of use and communicate to people within the organization so they can re-use them instead of re-invent another practice.<\/p>\n

SEPG is not \u201cThe OSSP enforcer\u201d. If practitioners feel that SEPG is imposing something on them, they will resist and each key practice will become a key battle. The job of SEPG is to facilitate, coordinate, and communicate all improvement opportunities and artifacts to people in the organization therefore, SEPG should not write any lengthy documents to be put on the shelves.<\/p>\n

Manager is not \u201cThe OSSP enforcer\u201d. The job of manager is to provide direction, communicate and motivate people to improve their process. Manager should define organization business goals – what they want to accomplish, prioritize and removing any obstacles that are holding them back from meeting those goals. Practitioners always want to improve on the areas that frustrate them but they like a practical solution or something that is proven working than some abstract concept from an expert in an ivory tower.<\/p>\n

To improve, everybody should work together as a team toward a common goal. The goal should not be a ‘Level’ but a better software organization that produce a highly quality product and services.<\/p>\n

SEPG needs to work closely with practitioners, understand their needs and try to make their job easier by promoting the sharing of \u201cBest practices\u201d via the OSSP. They must spend more time to get people use the OSSP and less time to define it. They must keep their approach simple, and remember that it is a teamwork effort, do not force a square peg into a round hole.<\/p>\n

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36.02 Question: <\/i><\/b>What would be the better goal for process improvement if we do not use the maturity levels?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>The goal of process improvement should always be aligned with the business goal of the organization, whatever that goal is. A maturity level should not be a goal because it does not mean much in a business world. I know several organizations have set improvement goal of better quality software because it sound good regardless of whether this goal is consistent with the business goal or not. This is a mistake because what happen if the business goal is not better software but faster time to market? An organization that can produce the highest quality software could go out of business if no one wants to buy their software because somebody else already dominates the market. In this highly competitive environment sometime being the first product in the market is essential.<\/p>\n

I believe good improvement goal should always be defined in a business context not arbitrarily anything that may sound good.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.03 Question:<\/i> <\/b>What are the key factors to build a successful team to deploy software process improvement?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Based on my experiences,\u00a0trust is the most important factor. Basically, trust is a catch-all term indicating an agreement among team members to honor their commitments to work together and share common goals and objectives. If you have \u201chidden-agenda\u201d, you cannot be trusted on the team. Every team must have common goals because without clearly defined goals, team members will tend to drift off course and work at cross purposes to one another. The team leader must clearly state the goals and objectives at the beginning of the team formation and periodically measure the progress against those goals.<\/p>\n

To be effective, the team must also maintain an established team processes which describe roles, responsibilities and how they operate together as a team. Basically these roles and responsibilities stated who is doing what based on an agreed upon protocol to avoid conflict among team members. Occasionally, team leader should re-evaluate these processes and determine which are useful and which need to be added or reinforced. The team leader should make sure that where necessary, all members should provide input on group decision. While there may be no formal mentoring within a team, members of the team should informally support each others and encourage team members to share experiences and learn from one another. Team leader should evaluate what worked and what didn\u2019t in terms of individual team member contributions and assign tasks and role accordingly. It is very important to recognize any accomplishments, large or small because success always comes as a team effort not an individual.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.04 Question: <\/i><\/b>What is a best practice?\u00a0 There are too many expert opinions. I want a simple answer.<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>By definition \u201cBest practice is thing you do best and have data to prove it\u201d. For example there are two processes of conducting code review. Process A found 3 defects per KLOC but process B found 5 defects per KLOC in the same program, therefore B is better than A because it found more defects.<\/p>\n

In practice, it may be difficult to compare process like that so a common sense approach could be used. For example \u201cInvolve customers and users during the requirements elicitation process\u201d can be considered a best practice because it helps developer better understand real needs of users. \u201cMaintain a traceability matrix\u201d for every project is also a best practice because it helps link the requirements to work products, explicitly. \u201cPrioritize all changes and validate with user\u201d is a best practice because it helps developer work on the most important changes that the customer needs.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.05 Question: <\/i><\/b>Is manager\u2019s job to manage process or people? We are confused about process-managed and people-managed manager.<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>A manager\u2019s job is managing both the process and the people. You manage the process by your head and people by your heart.<\/p>\n

Sometime we are too focusing on the process and forget that people make up the organization. Without people you may have a lot of processes but nothing will get done. I believe a good manager should spend 80% of the time managing people because people always look to manager for direction and validation. They may not remember what a manager said or done but they always remember how a manager makes them feel. We all remember instances where a manager made us feel good or made us feel unappreciated. A word of encouragement can make a person feels validated and appreciated and a word of criticize can make a people feels insignificant. Positive feelings will result in contributions above and beyond the call of duty and negative feelings will result in doing only what it takes to meet the minimum requirement. The success or failure of a project or an organization depends significantly on the manager\u2019s role and skills and one should not take it lightly.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.06Question: <\/i><\/b>Why do we have to follow European standard such as ISO 9000?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>ISO 9000 is NOT European standard but an accepted international standard. However, as a quality standard, ISO 9000\u2019s guidelines are very broad and generic so it can apply to many areas. The issue with ISO 9000 is in the implementation \u2013 preparing the organization for ISO 9000 certification. This means doing everything the standard describe, including all the details regardless whether the organization believe it is important or not. The key benefit of ISO certification is that it allows you to demonstrate to your customers that you have in place a quality management process. This is verified by a documentation trail that documenting all necessary mechanism in detail of a quality management process as required by ISO standards.<\/p>\n

I believe every company doing business oversea need to follow an international standard regardless the status of its local standard.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.07 Question: <\/i><\/b>How do you solve the ever-changing requirements from the ever-changing mind customers?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>You need a lot of communication, patient, and skills. Never assume anything, always write down the requirement and validate with users. You may want to use\u00a0prototypes technique or screen mockups to come to consensus with users. Many \u201cever-changing\u201d requirements are due to the \u201cwrong people\u201d define requirements or capture the requirements so you need to identify the real users.<\/p>\n

If the requirements continue to change, you may want to adopt an incremental built approach where requirements are defined in staged.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.08 Question: <\/i><\/b>We are tired of the nonsense debate about process improvement among different teams in our organization. We want to improve the process ourselves. Can we achieve level 3, 4, and 5 without the rest of the organization?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Who is stopping your group from improving yourselves? If your group can reduce defects, cycle time, manage projects according to cost and schedule projection, achieve customer satisfaction and have data to prove that you are indeed improving then why would you care about a meaningless CMM level?<\/p>\n

Many people spend time in lengthy debate without knowing that improvement is an action not a topic for discussion. Sometime meeting is a clever way to resist the change or the act of doing something. Sometime appearing busy is a way to cover up the fact that they do not know how to make improvement works. Sometime people use \u201cBuzz word\u201d or \u201cTechno-Jargon\u201d to avoid the real simple topic of process improvement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.09 Question: <\/i><\/b>What is the benefit of collecting defect data besides fixing defect?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Defect data (Both pre and post release) can provide a lot of information. Defect data provides insight into the software development process and the effectiveness of each phase of the software life cycle. For example, if defects keep increasing over time, we should focus our effort on the adequacy of testing, or design phase or requirements phase. The defect rate can also be used to determine if the product is stable enough for release to the customers. High number of defects identified during phase review may indicate certain problems during that phase and project manager should decide whether the software could be release into the next phase or not. Defect data can be fed back into the estimation process to estimate the expected number of defect for a particular type of job.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.10 Question: <\/i><\/b>We have used CMMI for many years with so many organizations achieved significant success. How come we do not learn from each other but continue to struggle?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Our company is very large with many diverse groups and it will take time for people to recognize that learning from one another and sharing of best practices are better than struggle to do it in isolation. That is why I formed the Software Process Improvement Network (SPIN) in 1992 as the forum to share improvement experiences. It is always wise to learn how well things are going from others and determine if your approach need refinement.<\/p>\n

As people involve in process improvement, one must constantly ask oneself \u201cWhat has gone well and what did not work well? What are issues that preventing the organization from reaching the goal? What could be done differently to make improvement works?\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.11 Question:<\/i> <\/b>Please add more humor in the dry subject of process improvement.<\/p>\n

Answer<\/b>: If process improvement is a \u201cdry-subject\u201d then we have to find a \u201cwet subject\u201d such as the Noah\u2019s Ark so here it is \u2026<\/p>\n

Everything I need to know about process improvement, I learned from Noah\u2019s Ark.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Do not miss the boat (or improvement activities)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Remember, we are in the same boat (or organization)<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Plan ahead, it was not raining when Noah built the Arks (Remember project planning KPA)<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Stay prepare, even at 600 years old, someone may ask you to do something very big (Ready to be a Change agent, including old timers such as all Baby Boomer)<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Do not listen to critics, or spend time in meeting just get on with the job that need to be done (So much for Intergroup Coordination)<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Build your future on high ground (Level 5 maturity)<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0For safety\u2019s sake, travel in pair (Work in team)<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Faster is not always the better. The snails were on board with Cheetah. (It is the quality that count)<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0When stressed, float awhile (Do not take your job too seriously \u2013 relax and attend a SPIN)<\/p>\n

10)\u00a0\u00a0The ark was built by a few people. The Titanic was built by a committee. (Thinking about OSSP Huh!)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.12 Question: <\/i><\/b>What are your thoughts on continue to attend graduate school directly after graduation from college?\u00a0 Or should one join the workforce first?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>There are several views on whether a person should go directly to grad school or join the workforce first.<\/p>\n

Some people believe that when you are young and motivated you should finish grad school before work since working will slow you down. Once you are busy with your career it is difficult to go back to school. When you are earning a salary, returning to school is a set back economically (not making but spending money).<\/p>\n

However, I believe that many young college-age people really do not know much about life, and working life and should go to work for a few years to learn more – then make decision. At that time, whatever you want to go back to school or continue working, you will make the right decision.<\/p>\n

Life is about learning continuously and working life is an experience that can help you shape your future for the better. What if you finish grad school, go to work and find out that you really do not like that job?<\/p>\n

People does change their mind often and change is important so do not lock yourself into something you do not know very well yet.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

36.13 Question:<\/i> <\/b>What kind of advice do you have for a new SEPG team?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Following is my 10 advices to SEPG member:<\/p>\n

Get help from Subject-Matter-Expert early and often<\/p>\n

You must be more proactive than you are used to being<\/p>\n

Do not underestimate the time required to complete the tasks:<\/p>\n

Almost all activities take longer than you think<\/p>\n

Define the scope of improvement early<\/p>\n

Start out with a plan just like you start a project<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t expect to be told what to do<\/p>\n

Improvement is a journey not a destination and during this journey, quality honesty and integrity are not negotiable<\/p>\n

Take time to form a successful team:<\/p>\n

Get to know your team members<\/p>\n

Develop trust in your team<\/p>\n

Learn how to be comfortable with them<\/p>\n

Continue to build on team dynamic<\/p>\n

Establishing a team process<\/p>\n

Clearly identify roles, responsibilities and authority<\/p>\n

Divide tasks among team member\u2019s ability to perform not what they want<\/p>\n

It always takes longer and more effort than expected<\/p>\n

Get ready for resistance to change<\/p>\n

Do more reading, learning and sharing \u2013 No one is perfect<\/p>\n

Understand the difficult that you face and prepare before you start the journey<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

36.01 H\u1ecfi: SEPG hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Organization Standard Software Process … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":873,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/872\/revisions\/873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}