{"id":87,"date":"2013-06-17T11:35:57","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T04:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=87"},"modified":"2013-06-17T11:35:57","modified_gmt":"2013-06-17T04:35:57","slug":"phat-minh-ra-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=87","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2, kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111i v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i nh\u1ee5c v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Edward Deming t\u1edbi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?\u201d Theo nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00fa “s\u1ed1c” l\u00e0m h\u1ecd t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c, sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nu\u1ed1t l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ebb, sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t x\u1ea3y ra. Hay c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao; ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi; l\u1eadp ra xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 “s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t.” \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Qu\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111i, qu\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111i, qu\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh doanh “th\u1eeba t\u1ef1” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Deming \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn cho kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Trong v\u00f2ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, (1956-1976) Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi) l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u (sau M\u0129 v\u00e0 Anh) b\u1edfi danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay Deming \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ean ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi chu tr\u00ecnh “L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, L\u00e0m, Ki\u1ec3m, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Deming \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y nay trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, hay \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 \u00edt, qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Blackberries RIM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra “\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh” nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00ec Apple v\u00e0 Google \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Yahoo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti internet m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 b\u1ecb Google \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i. Sun Micro-system m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Silicon Valley. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra Java v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Dell \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y PC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n. V\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u00e0 laptops, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 iPhone, iPad v\u00e0 Android. Ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0o trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Apple \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi tuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf CMU, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Apple n\u00f3i cho l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111i. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Steve Jobs ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1edfi “lu\u00f4n khao kh\u00e1t, c\u1ee9 d\u1ea1i kh\u1edd.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Steve Jobs s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple, iPods, iPhone, v\u00e0 iPads v.v. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i, Bill Gates ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra Microsoft. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1eb1ng internet s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, Larry Page v\u00e0 Sergei Brin s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o ra Google. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, Mark Zuckerberg s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Facebook. Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi l\u00fac t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u0129 hay \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00ec di\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u1edbn m\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay trong ga ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung: \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecbp theo c\u00f9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1 Wall \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch 100 c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ecd. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Nhu c\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay cho n\u00ean xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i quen thu\u1ed9c thay v\u00ec phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Inventing the future<\/p>\n

After World War 2, Japan\u2019s economy went to a deep recession, beside the humiliation of being defeated, their industries were also struggled to rebuild their destroyed factories. Companies have tried many things to put their people back to work, continue their businesses, and rebuild their economy but after few years, there was not much progress. As they were desperate for solution, an American professor named Edward Deming came in with a bold message: \u201cYou failed because most of your managers live in the past, how can they plan for the future?\u201d According to many Japanese managers at that time, it was a \u201cshock\u201d that hurt them deeply. A factory owner recalled: \u201cWe were deeply hurt and angry at first but after a while, after all of us were calm down, we got together and discussed on what to do. If we continued the way it was then we did not see anything better. Finally we swallowed our pride and asked for advice.\u201d The answer was straight forward and clear: \u201cYou can continue to build cheap products, copy products of others, follow the market trends, and hope for good thing to happen. Or you can build high quality products; innovate new products; set market trends, and be the \u201cnumber one\u201d. It is your choice but in this choice, you must change the way you manage your company. Forget your five years planning, forget your old hierarchical systems, forget your \u201clegacy\u201d business systems and start a new movement, a new way to build high quality products, and new way to manage your company that looking toward the future. Basically, you must start everything new.\u201d<\/p>\n

Deming made a significant contribution to Japan’s economy and management system. Within twenty years, (1956-1976) Japan went from the bottom of the global economic index (Equal to many poor countries in Africa) to the top (Next to the U.S and UK) by its reputation for high-quality products and become a new economic power. Today Deming is regarded as having had more impact upon Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual and was a hero in Japan. Many people considered his \u201cPlan, Do, Check, Act\u201d cycle as the most brilliant quality process for manufacturing but few people knew that Deming did not start with the manufacturing process but the management system. He told company owners: \u201cManagers\u00a0are affected by what they already done, by their past successes. In fact, they are so deeply affected by the past that they often resist the future. To make change happens, everything must start with management.\u201d He demanded the change in management from top to bottom and starts a new management system that still being used in Japan today.<\/p>\n

More than fifty year later, it seems that history is repeating itself. What happened in the past in Japan is happening today in many western countries. We are seeing companies that succeed in the past get left behind as new startups bypass them and capture the market. This is because the old management style has failed in this fast changing world as they have ignored the need to change, or have changed too little, too late. Ten years ago, Blackberries RIM invented the \u201csmartphone\u201d but today it struggled to survive as Apple and Google have captured the mobile market. Not long ago, Yahoo was the most powerful internet company but today it is pushed out by Google. Sun Micro-system was once the top company in Silicon Valley. It invented Java and great server products but its arrogant and ignored technology changes let the company stumbled with severe revenue losses and layoffs. Thirty years ago, Dell was the number one personal computer company with hundred million PCs sold. As it was satisfied with its desktops and laptops, its management ignored the emerging market of mobile devices such as iPhone, iPad and Android. Today it struggled and may not survive.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, in an interview with newspapers Steve Jobs declared: \u201cThe present is the only time in which everything happens. To plan for the future is to bring the future into the present by create products in which nobody even know exist. That is the only way to invent the future.\u201d Today Apple managers are trained to always look into the future for its innovative products. During recruitment at CMU, An Apple manager told my class: \u201cIf you really want to face the future, set unreasonable targets. Set one that people think impossible and surprise them with your ideas. And that is what Steve Jobs means by \u201cstay hungry, stay foolish.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today innovation startups are quickly moved into technology markets with more energy and enthusiasm than ever before. Most entrepreneurs know that they are creating not just a business, a product but also a cause as they are inventing the future. Without thinking about the future, Steve Jobs would never create Apple computer, iPods, iPhone, and iPads etc. Without thinking about the future that software is the dominant force, Bill Gates would never established Microsoft. Without thinking about the future that the internet will connect everything, Larry Page and Sergei Brin would never create Google. Without thinking about the future that people would connect with each other to share experience, Mark Zuckerberg would never develop Facebook. The list is endless because every time I visit a university, whether in the U.S or in Asia, I find some people are working on some ideas that someday may change the world. There are so many wonderful ideas, great innovations that young people today are developing in their classes, in their laboratories or in their garages. They all share a common theme: \u201cThey are inventing the future.\u201d<\/p>\n

Since 2008, many large and well established companies struggled as they cannot keep pace with the fast changing market. A Wall Street analyst wrote: \u201cIf you look at the list of top 100 companies, more than half may not survive the next ten year. However, there are at least another hundred young and aggressive companies are emerging to replace them. The simple reason is old companies cannot change even they want to. Top managers cannot expect others and the company to change unless they are prepared to change themselves. The need for this personal transformation is difficult because most of them are living in the past, and turning their backs on the future. They have no vision, they cannot see beyond today so their tendency is to stick with the familiar rather than to venture into the unknown because they are afraid and that is why they will fail.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2, kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111i v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i nh\u1ee5c v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=87"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions\/88"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=87"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=87"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=87"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}