{"id":869,"date":"2013-06-25T22:11:19","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T15:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=869"},"modified":"2013-06-25T22:11:19","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T15:11:19","slug":"cmmi-37","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=869","title":{"rendered":"CMMI-37"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i sai. “C\u0103n nguy\u00ean” c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>C\u00f3 v\u00e0i “c\u0103n nguy\u00ean” nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. M\u1eb7c cho nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 20% c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01a1i 80% n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf, t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: D\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 200 t\u1ea7ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3i trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao bao nhi\u00eau, to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00ec, bao nhi\u00eau ph\u00f2ng, bao nhi\u00eau v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft cho t\u1edbi khi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 so\u1ea1n ra b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft, d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. T\u1ea1i t\u1eebng pha, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed to\u00e0 nh\u00e0, t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia, t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m theo b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1c cho t\u1edbi khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m xong.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro hay c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t sau ng\u1ea7n \u1ea5y n\u0103m b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi n\u00f3. Do l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9m, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic trong khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i k\u0129 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi thay v\u00ec qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 sau v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn qui tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Trong 15 n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 50-80 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 trong Java hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 300-500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. D\u00f9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00faa trong tay th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>SEI CMM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi SW-CMM hay CMMI?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c Capability Maturity Model (CMM) l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Software Engineering Institute (SEI) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: SW-CMM v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 SEI CMM \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. SEI c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh qui tr\u00ecnh theo thang t\u1eeb 1 t\u1edbi 5. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u CMM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra, SEI CMM v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c SW-CMM ho\u1eb7c CMMI.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>T\u1ea1i sao th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean SEPG ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? T\u00f4i tin t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp CMMI v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn: Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 trao tay cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c “ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5” m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.\u00a0 Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 u\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n cho ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng may, \u00f4ng ta b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 phi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ee7i ro cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 “SEPG” nh\u01b0 “danh hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb” thay v\u00ec “vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng”.\u00a0 H\u1ecd tin v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u201cSEPG\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, SEPG l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch.\u00a0 L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3? Sau r\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?\u00a0 N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb1ng sau “ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb” v\u00e0 bi b\u00f4 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng “l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1edbi t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc hay s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111em c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch. SEPG l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3? SEPG l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3; n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi cam k\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c danh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang cho qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho ngh\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o “N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri th\u1ee9c” c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft “l\u00e0m sao \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o”. C\u00f3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp theo thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khi th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u00edch l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt Six-Sigma cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai Six-Sigma cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>K\u0129 thu\u1eadt Six Sigma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.\u00a0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sau r\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt Six-sigma cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ho\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt r\u00e0 l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau nh\u01b0ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>K\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch di tr\u00fa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u1ea3 k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb hay t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111o thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 Return-On-Investment (ROI) trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (ROI) c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 chi ra s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sao cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh sinh l\u1eddi v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c, n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1eady v\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111ang \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi bi\u1ebft ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o hay l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng giai tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i theo \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ROI kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>T\u1ea1i sao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft m\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd hay \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u00ec h\u1ecd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c” n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a H\u1ecfi & \u0110\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3)?<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1ch quan r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 C\u00d3 cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a pha y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 C\u00d3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 C\u00d3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecfi: <\/i><\/b>T\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p COTS, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra giao di\u1ec7n ch\u00fat \u00edt hay “m\u00e3 d\u00e1n”. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: <\/b>T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1eddi.\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng COTS b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m” trong t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi. Xa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c b\u1ed5 sung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p COTS l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ch\u00fat \u00edt giao di\u1ec7n hay “m\u00e3 d\u00e1n” nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng giao di\u1ec7n hay m\u00e3 d\u00e1n “ch\u1ec9” l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u00e1n v\u00e0 do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u1edbn nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, trong khi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 phai m\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Internet d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n (v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra vi r\u00fat l\u1edbn n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n), nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i m\u1ec9a mai. K\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m COTS t\u1ea1p nham v\u1edbi nhau. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e9p kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 V-8 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t xe MG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc (chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n cho t\u00e2m), qu\u00e1 “nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh” v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CMMI\u00a0-37<\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>For years, software is always blamed for everything that went wrong. What is the \u201croot cause\u201d of most software failure and how to improve it?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>There are several \u201croot causes\u201d but I would like to point to the education system as the main factor. Despite so many rapid changes in technology in the past decades, many universities are still teaching the same curricula, techniques and methods as they were taught in the 1960s. Most universities are still focusing on programming technique where students spent a large amount of time solving small problem by writing few hundred line of code. In reality most of the problems in the industry are very complex; typically solution would require million lines of code to solve. However, the amount of effort in coding is small, approximately 20% of the total development effort. So there is a large gap between what the university teaches and what the industry needs. The industry really needs people with skills in requirements gathering, project planning, software architecture, system design, customer interfaces and product management where 80% of the efforts are spent but these critical skills are not taught in school. The industry does not need a lot of people with programming skill only but that is what most universities produce: People who know how to code a few hundred lines of code and solving small problems, one at a time.<\/p>\n

I would like to use an example to demonstrate my point. Let look at construction business:Building large software is like constructing a 200-story building. If a group of carpenters, electricians, plumbers and contractors meet in a field, talk for a few hours, come up with an arbitrarily schedules and then start building, I am sure the building will be very unstable if it even gets built at all. However, that is the way many softwares are being built today, a group of programmers meet and agree on a schedule then everybody starts to code and hope that the software will work.<\/p>\n

In construction business, there are roles and responsibilities and people are trained to do their jobs accordingly. Before the building is even started, the chief architect meets the owner and asks about requirements, i.e. how tall is the building, what function the building will serve, what structure it should be, how many rooms, how many offices etc. All of these requirements are taken into consideration and a price and schedule negotiation begins before any paperwork is signed until both sides are completely in agreement. Before starting to build, an architect draws up detailed plans, builds models, and makes blueprints. At each phase, the plans are carefully reviewed and updated with new schedules, costs estimates, risks analysis and so on. During construction, carpenters, electricians, plumbers come into the building site, each person is assigned a role to perform based on skills and expertise, each task is tested and inspected thoroughly when completed then verified against the original plan until the entire building is done.<\/p>\n

In software, people do a little planning upfront and immediately focus on writing code because they are trained to code not to plan. Very few people know how to plan and replan along the progress and very few would analyze the risk or try to mitigate it. That is why software management skills are still the most sought after all these years because so few people know it. Due to poor planning up front, the schedule is always based on the best guess rather than a logical requirements analysis as things continue to change. This unreasonable, arbitrary schedule is the root cause of most software project failures. Of course, there are few successful projects but most can be attributed to the heroic efforts of a few good engineers rather than a good process.<\/p>\n

The sad fact is that after several decades, software projects continue to fail at an alarming rate because many universities do not recognize that good engineering processes should be applied to software just as they are to constructing buildings. As an industry, people still do not recognize that software engineering is different from software programming and most universities are still teaching programming instead of software engineering.
\nIn the past 15 years,\u00a0I have given many presentations at technical conferences. If I talk about how to improve a software process, I can attract 50-80 listeners. If I talk about how to code in Java or test an object in a new development environment, I can get 300-500 listeners. I believe that this lack of interest in process is at the heart of our problems. Many of us mistakenly believe that the only real contribution to a project is writing code. Using the office building example again, this is like saying that if you don\u2019t have a hammer in your hand your contribution to the building is not significant.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>What is the SEI CMM? How does it relate to the SW-CMM or CMMI?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a process model created by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). In the beginning, there is only one model: The SW-CMM and many people call this model SEI CMM which defines software engineering capabilities that are required to develop high quality software. The SEI also developed a formal assessment method to determine level of process maturity on scale from 1 to 5. Today, with several CMMs already released, SEI CMM is still a common term people use to refer to either the SW-CMM or the CMMI.<\/p>\n

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Question: <\/i><\/b>Why should SEPG member need to have a lot of software experiences? I believe I could take a CMMI class and do well like anybody else.<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Let me begin with a short story: Several years ago, I accepted a project management job and the person who had the job before me handed me a list of \u201cduties\u201d that he was performing and that I would need to carry on.\u00a0 Most of them had nothing to do with a project management role.\u00a0 Instead, they were really programmer tasks that he had taken on since it was easier for him to do it than to delegate to somebody else.\u00a0 Unfortunately, he was so busy doing all these non-managerial tasks that he had failed to put together a project plan and a risk mitigation plan for a very complex software intensive project. You probably know the rest of the horror that I had to face at that time.<\/p>\n

Many people look at the designation \u201cSEPG\u201d as a \u201cpositional title\u201d rather than as a \u201cfunctional role\u201d.\u00a0 They believe this position could give them a lot of respect and their career path could start with \u201cSEPG\u201d and work their way to the top. However, SEPG is a function that requires a lot of skills in coordination, facilitation and communication and these skills are not taught in school or can be acquired by reading books.\u00a0 How do you coordinate something when you do not know what you are doing? How do you communicate about something when you do not really understand it? After all, you are dealing with people and the way they work and how can you help them to improve their daily activities without knowing anything about their process, their tools, their environment?\u00a0 If you want them to respect you then you need to show them respect first by not hiding behind a \u201cPositional title\u201d and babble them with \u201cTechno jargon\u201d but to earn their respect by help them improve with examples from your own experiences. As you probably know, experience come from years of practice, not from classes or books. Process improvement can be compared to a very long and difficult journey and it takes a team to travel together to get to the destination. A SEPG is a guide that leads the journey. How can you guide anyone if you have never been there before? SEPG is a very difficult job; it requires knowledge, skills, patient, dedication and most of all a lot of experiences from many years of practice.<\/p>\n

In this changing and uncertain time, I think we could help our company and our employees by stay true to our own commitment and know our own abilities before undertake any job regardless of the title. There is no short cut in life and to climb a solid career path require one to have a strong foothold in every step and in a long run, it\u2019s the experience that count. The one who can make thing happen will be successful and rewarded.<\/p>\n

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Question: <\/i><\/b>What is Technology Change Management? Does it mean we have to change as technology change?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>We are living in a very fast changing world driven by technology but it does not mean we have to change as technology change. Technology Change Management is about making the right decision to adopt the right technology for the right process or the managing aspect of technology. Many organizations are so busy reacting to all the changes in technology but few pay attention to technology management. The fundamental of technology management for the engineering profession is not well explored by both the academic and the industry. That is why so many are focusing on the \u201cFundamental of knowledge\u201d of analyzing the technology rather than knowing “How to apply, when to adopt, and to what area”. There is fear in the industry that if organizations do not keep up with the technology changes, they will be left behind. This is a false notion advocated by several technology vendors urging organization to keep up with the trends because everybody is doing it.\u00a0Technology change management is about the importance of decision making based on a thorough analysis of the technology, the economic benefits and potential as well as the impact on the business. It is the link between the technological world and the business world.<\/p>\n

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Question: <\/i><\/b>Is it possible to apply Six-Sigma technique to software development? Do you have any advice on the deployment of Six-Sigma to software?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Six Sigma techniques have been used to achieve major improvements in product quality and productivity in manufacturing but their introduction into software engineering has been more limited.\u00a0 Software development is, after all, quite different from manufacturing and a successful deployment program must begin by recognizing this fact.<\/p>\n

To deploy you need to understand the applicability as well as limitation of Six- sigma techniques to software development. You also need to emphasize the differences between standard manufacturing process and software development process. You need to understand data collection techniques; the amount of data required to get started, minimizing data variation, and the applicability of specific techniques such as control charts, regression techniques, analysis of variance, and design of experiments. The technique is the same but the data collection may be quite different.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>What is the role of System Engineer in software development?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>System Engineer has a very important role in software development. They\u00a0work with customer to obtain system requirements, analyze them and allocate to software. They plan system migration, perform trade-off activities, develop architecture and design including software, hardware, communications and interface requirements.<\/p>\n

Today we do not build stand alone systems anymore, most systems are integrated and System Engineer is responsible for the development of the strategy to integrate software systems. Both System Engineer and Software Engineer are critical functions in the development of complex integrated systems.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>We are a software organization, not marketing or finance. Why do we need to measure Return-On-Investment (ROI) in software improvement?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Software improvement Return on Investment (ROI) is really about how an organization ensures that it is spending the right amount of money on the right kind of activities so that it can improve quality, productivity, increase profitability and ultimately, enhance shareholder value.<\/p>\n

In the past, many organizations felt that they had little choice but do process improvement because somebody said so and they spent a lot of money for improvement activities and hope that some benefits may occur. That kind of attitude is changing fast in the highly competitive environment of an economic downturn. Today organizations are under significant pressure to make improvement works with quantifiable facts and data. Senior managers demand to know how efficiently their organization\u2019 budget are being put to use or how they can spend their dollars to attain the highest possible return on their investments<\/p>\n

In past decades, many organizations relied on anecdotal evidence and rudimentary metrics to assess their effectiveness. Today by contrast, senior management requires the use of sophisticated metrics to analyze and quantify investment spending and return on investment.<\/p>\n

From my own perspective, ROI is not only a measurement system but also management philosophy that requires changes in organizational design and business processes to optimize business objectives. To truly measure improvement effectiveness, organizations must engage in a new way of thinking and accept the need for a comprehensive transformation of the way they develop and maintain software.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>Why is software requirement a major problem for most projects? What can we do to solve this problem?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>Requirements are mostly functions and performance that customers want for a software product. It is a critical activity because if you don’t get the requirements right, your project will fail no matter how well you perform other activities. Getting requirements right has proven to be one of the more difficult areas of software engineering because requirements are open ended in nature. Many customers have a tendency to change their mind or come up with new requirements as they please and these \u201cad hoc\u201d activities disrupt the software development process. Another fact is that time spent on requirements is often short because most managers believe that projects should move on to design and code as fast as possible.<\/p>\n

There are several solutions to solve requirements issues but in the scope of this Question & Answer, I will provide you with one technique that I use personally all the time. Let\u2018s think about the requirements on your project or a project that you are reviewing, and answer the following four questions.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Are the requirements likely to lead to a solution that is technically feasible?<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Are the requirements likely to lead to a solution that has acceptable costs (development, production, operations and support)?<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Are the requirements likely to lead to a solution that has acceptable risks?<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Are the requirements likely to lead to a solution that adequately satisfies customer needs?<\/p>\n

If you don\u2019t have objective evidence that the answer is YES to all four questions, then your project is almost certainly in trouble. If the answers are not known, there is enormous risk that the project will fail. The primary purpose of requirements phase is to develop a set of requirements for which the answer to all four questions is YES. If you cannot achieve all YES answers then you should review them with the customer for further clarification and validated them before continue. I strongly think that the first step toward project success is finding the answers to the above questions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Question: <\/i><\/b>I heard that the old software life cycle models are out because new development is more a matter of integrating COTS, maybe writing a little interface or \u201cGlue code\u201d. What do you think?<\/p>\n

Answer: <\/b>I think traditional\u00a0models are still going to be with us for many years to come. They may be changing somewhat but definitely not out.\u00a0 One needs to recognize that COTS is itself a “concept” in the programming vocabulary with which one creates new software product. Far from removing the programming problem, such additions of already built product would move software development up to a more complex level. COTS integration is not trivia as writing a few interfaces or \u201cGlue code\u201d as you may expect but a very big challenge. The idea that interfaces or glue code are “only” glue and thus not that big a deal reminds me of tendency of many of development environments to enforce rigorous source code control for compiled code, while being almost indifferent to scripts. That attitude has faded a lot since the advent of the heavily script-based Internet (and the realization of what great viruses you can code using scripts), but in the old days it was a supremely ironic stance. The scripts were in fact usually often far more powerful and dangerous operationally than the compiled code they controlled.<\/p>\n

I think similar comments apply to some of the methods now being used to stitch together disparate COTS software packages. Just as trying to force-fit a V-8 engine into an MG car can have unexpected implications (shredding the transmission leaps to mind), too \u201cGung Ho\u201d about gluing together large parts can lead to very interesting results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi: Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i sai. “C\u0103n nguy\u00ean” c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=869"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":871,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions\/871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}