{"id":859,"date":"2013-06-25T21:25:25","date_gmt":"2013-06-25T14:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=859"},"modified":"2013-06-25T21:25:25","modified_gmt":"2013-06-25T14:25:25","slug":"nguoi-quan-tri-co-so-du-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=859","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBA) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Em h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y? L\u00e0m sao k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBA) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, sao l\u01b0u, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, gi\u1eef an ninh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ecfi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ISM b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. K\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 C, Java hay C++ nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1ec7nh (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Oracle. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, hay x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 SQL server v\u00e0 MySQL c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Theo v\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 “r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng” v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ch\u00fang. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng then ch\u1ed1t trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, truy l\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin thay v\u00ec Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn” ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 “k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u” thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong c\u1ea3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed DBA \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb $80,000 t\u1edbi $92,000 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1edbi $130,000 t\u1edbi $185,000 (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 2011).<\/p>\n

Do vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

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Database Administrator<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cWhat is a Database Administrator (DBA)? Where do I learn this skill? How does this skill compare to Software development? What is the future of this job? Please advice.<\/p>\n

Answer: A Database Administrator (DBA) is responsible for installing, backing up, testing, securing and making changes to company\u2019s databases and maintains its operation on a daily basis. Due to the accelerate use of information technology in business, the amount of data is increasing fast in every company and it needs experienced database workers to manage it.<\/p>\n

Basic database skills are often taught in Information System Management (ISM) program but the job often require a lot of experience to be a good Database administrator. Most ISM graduates start as database implementers or developers as they gain experience and familiar with company operation, they will move to business analyst and administrator positions. Database skills are different from Software development skills as it does not require a lot of programming language skills like C, Java or C++ but you must learn to use command language (Query language) and understand the system and how it works. You also must have business knowledge relate to how company operates and what kind of data they have.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Today the most popular database platform is Oracle. There are several training programs to certify you to work in this platform, such as administrator, analyst, architect, or project manager certification. Other database platforms such as SQL server and MySQL are also gaining popular among midsize and small company. According to several current reports, Database administrator and related skills are \u201cVery Hot\u201d with many job openings but few people to fill them. The key success in this area is soft-skills, especially communication skill as most database administrators and analysts must work closely with users and customers. They must know in detail what types of data that customers want to store, retrieve, and update and what types of report they need to help them to make decision. Database workers must have deep knowledge of the business operation (That is why it is taught in Information System Management instead of Computer Science or Software Engineering).<\/p>\n

There is short term \u201ccertification path\u201d to work in the database area (People go to vocational training to get a certification in a particular skill in a database platform) However, with certification they are considered as \u201cDatabase Technicians\u201d rather than an Analyst or Administrator. A good Database Administrator should have solid skill in both technical as well as business. They must have a system view of how data is organized and how company operates. Most DBAs positions do require at least a Bachelor\u2019s degree in Information System Management (ISM) or even a Master degree.<\/p>\n

Entry level salary of database developer, analyst, and administrator starts at $80,000 to $92,000 but experienced workers can make $130,000 to $185,000 (2011 salary report).<\/p>\n

Due to the increasing in amount of data in every company but fewer workers available, the salary is expected to increase faster than most in the next few years. It is difficult to find a good Database Administrator with experience as this job requires technical skills, business skills and also soft-skills.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DBA) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Em h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y? L\u00e0m sao k\u0129 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=859"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":861,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/859\/revisions\/861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}