{"id":820,"date":"2013-06-23T22:39:01","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T15:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=820"},"modified":"2013-06-23T22:39:01","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T15:39:01","slug":"he-tro-giup-quyet-dinh-dss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=820","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (DSS)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng; c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u01b0a th\u00edch, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng “thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n” hay “b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n” c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft thay v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (DSS) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 DSS nh\u01b0 Trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p (BI) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh thu th\u1eadp m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u0129, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i, khi n\u00f3 \u0111i l\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan hay sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p (BI) thay v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

DSS l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thu nh\u1eadp, chi ph\u00ed, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao.) Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DSS l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. DSS th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gay c\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3n c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. M\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: Qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Qui tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m “c\u00e1ch” m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ra c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh. Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7; ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Decision Support System (DSS)<\/p>\n

The success of any business is depending on the management to make decisions correctly. Decisions on company\u2019s operation can determine whether the company is operating efficiently or not; decisions on company\u2019s strategy can determine whether the company can achieve its business goals or not; decision on the company\u2019s quality can determine whether customers find its product acceptable or not. The making of decision is depending on the emotional, preferences, and knowledge of the person who makes decisions. Sometime \u201cpersonal biases\u201d or \u201cpersonal ego\u201d also affect the decision.<\/p>\n

Business decision is also depending on external factors such as economic situations, market conditions, competitor\u2019s strategy, company operation, and technology changes etc. Therefore, managers who make decision must have all information needed rather than incomplete information or just guessing. That is why Information Technology (IT) tools such as Decision Support System (DSS) have been developed to help managers to make decision better. The DSS tools such as Business Intelligence (BI) and Executive Dashboard collect all relevant data, analyze and organize them in a display to make it easier for managers to review then make decision. Since business decision affect a business’s success, decisions based on well analyzed and relevant information, have better chances of leading to successful results.<\/p>\n

In the past data is collected by observation and document but as it is gathered, there are errors to be made, as it goes up through several levels of management, some data are modified by manager to protect themselves. When the report goes to the top managers, it may not have the correct information. Irrelevant or wrong data can lead to confusion and bad decision. To avoid that, most companies today are relying on information technology such as Business Intelligence (BI) rather than people for data collection and analysis. The data are collected automatically by IT system and analyzed by special software, anything that link to problem are organized into reports and send to management for decision making.<\/p>\n

DSS is an interactive software system that collects all relevant information from multiple sources such as operation, market, revenue, cost, trends, and business models. These data are stored in databases where data mining software can search for relevant data and organize them into a report for managers. (That is why today Database administrator and Data mining specialists are high demand jobs). Instead of a single report that goes through several levels of management, it can generate different reports to each level of management so they can make appropriate decisions at their own level. The main purpose of the DSS is to improve efficiency in decision making process to better control the business. The DSS often places information into graphical chart called Executive Dashboard to allow managers to focus on critical trends and monitor exactly how well the company is performing as compare it with market trends and competitor\u2019s performance.<\/p>\n

If managers know what the problem is, what does it involves and which assets are best used in its solution, they can make decision quickly. Of course good decisions involve business knowledge and critical thinking. Every problem is based on two factors: Processes and Results. Processes involve \u201chow\u201d things are done. Result is the outcome of the process. When result does not meet goals, managers must make decision to change the process to get the desirable result. Making decision alone is not enough; managers must constantly monitor the implementation and adjust the process to get the desired results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=820"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":821,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/820\/revisions\/821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}