{"id":814,"date":"2013-06-23T22:35:12","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T15:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=814"},"modified":"2013-06-23T22:35:12","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T15:35:12","slug":"may-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=814","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1y h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc (MLT) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, hay ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1i m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m?” \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh: h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh AI \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm hay chu\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, m\u00e1y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khi n\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda n\u00f3. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p robotics.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu \u00edch. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n y h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho robots v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n quanh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, thao t\u00e1c khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nhu c\u1ea7u tham gia c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: \u201cM\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0: \u201cM\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho n\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n, m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi nhi\u1ec1u robots \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, khi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Machine learning<\/p>\n

Machine Learning technology (MLT) is a term used to describe various types of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in which a computer program has the ability to modify itself. This self-modification can take the form of self-improvement, or error-detection, and is implemented in various ways. Machine Learning scientists are concerned with the question “How can we program a machine to automatically learn and to improve with experience?” To do that they develop special algorithms based on statistical and computational principles to address the learning processes that characterize the fundamental nature of experience in learning. Basically there are two major approaches: The supervised and unsupervised learning.<\/p>\n

Supervised learning in machine learning technology consists of a selected set of data and rules that the software program must follow to get to the correct patterns. The program must manipulate the input data in order to fit the patterns given by the programmers and make adjustments as directed by the programmer. In unsupervised learning, the software is given the set of data, and patterns, but must make adjustments without direction. The program essentially learns by trial and error, without human intervention.<\/p>\n

The combination of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms can be used to improve the ability of an AI program so the machine can learn faster and be able to come up with correct results. From these algorithms, it is possible to develop software that can operate machine and be able to self correct when it makes mistakes. These software products are now being used in many factories and built into large to small machines for better performance and accuracy. Another application of this software is used to recognize human speech such as instructions. For example speed recognition software in mobile phone. It is expected that in the next few years with speech recognition technology, people can talk to computer without have to use keyboard or mouse.<\/p>\n

In addition to supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, machine can also learn by reinforcement. This method starts by having the machine observe an example of how the task is done and have it repeats each step. Reinforcement learning provides positive and negative feedback to the program as it learns, allow it to improve performance and correct itself. This technique is used mostly in robotics industry.<\/p>\n

Today machine learning is a key part of the artificial intelligence field with many useful applications. For example machine learning techniques are used to predict which medical patients will respond to which treatments by analyzing databases of medical records. Machine Learning algorithms are applied in robots and enable them to learn how to move around obstacles based on experience they gather from sensors. Machine learning algorithms are used in computer aids for scientific discovery that combine scientific hypotheses with experimental data to automatically produce refined scientific hypotheses that better fit observed data. For example call centers use voice recognition, data mining operations to search for information, and reduces the amount of time necessary to refine computer programs. The essential function of these programs is to find ways to reduce the need for human involvement, through the increased abilities of the machines.<\/p>\n

The question often asked is: \u201cCan machine replace people?\u201d The correct answer is: \u201cMachine can do the work of people more effectively, efficiently, and accurately but it still needs people to program it. It will learn to correct its mistakes and think of the best approach to solve problems but it still have to be programmed by people. Without machine learning algorithms built-in, machine cannot function. As more robots are being built, as more intelligent machines are being used the need for software people who can design and program machine learning algorithm is also increased significantly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc (MLT) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) trong … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":815,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions\/815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}