{"id":765,"date":"2013-06-23T21:25:31","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=765"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:25:31","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:25:31","slug":"mo-hinh-doanh-nghiep-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=765","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 n\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n. D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p sinh l\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, hay n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 sau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n eBay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t website cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y hoa h\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. eBay t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd mua n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua v\u00ec “th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.” N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o, hay l\u00e0m sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i v\u00e0o kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Steve Jobs kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u Apple (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0). Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi m\u1edf ra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Thu x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, iPod v\u00e0 iTunes c\u1ee7a Apple cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, mua, t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay Apple ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u01b0u k\u00ed m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp t\u1edbi ch\u00fang qua Internet v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng CNTT v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i mua, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CNTT n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u00eanh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti; gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti; cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh; chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: L\u00e0m sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp website ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1edbi website c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm (SEO) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd t\u1edbi website c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho h\u1ecd? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng xe t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft hay m\u00e1y bay? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n giao b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb website c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed-hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi k\u00eanh. Khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m kinh doanh, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd hay mua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. Thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p sinh ra t\u1eeb t\u1eebng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do v\u1eady b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp theo b\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ti t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 $100 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $150 th\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 $50 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n n\u00e0y bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n b\u00e1n? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 100 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 $5000 v\u00e0 $5000 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kinh doanh sinh l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 1000 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 $50,000. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 chi ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch sinh ra thu nh\u1eadp: c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v.v. n\u01a1i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 sinh ra ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00eam, ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra ti\u1ec1n qua ph\u00ed thu\u00ea bao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o website tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra thu nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, hay th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay website tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n? Bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, trong ba n\u0103m, v\u00e0 trong n\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m sao c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? C\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho kinh doanh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 CPU ch\u1ea1y nhanh t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Apple c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ph\u00e9p Microsoft chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0m cho Google l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u00ed do l\u00e0 85% c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi t\u1eeb hay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Business model part 2<\/p>\n

A business model is an expansion of the vision. It outlines a complete detail on how a business will operate and make money. Translating a startup vision into a profitable business is a complex process that requires a lot of efforts and should be done carefully. A poorly defined business model is a guarantee for failure. All components of the business model must be completely examined to ensure startup has a good foundation and all risks are identified. If a component is missed, or if a risk is not identified, startup may encounter serious problems later that cannot be fixed.<\/p>\n

A startup must be clear on what value it will give to its customers. The value can be direct to customers or indirect in case of supports another business to deliver its value. For example eBay is a website that allows people to buy and sell things online and for its support, it gets commission of the sales from people who sell things. eBay creates value by establishes the needed technology, setting up facilities and resource to support online sale activities.<\/p>\n

Entrepreneurs must be able to explain why their idea provides value to customers and what types of products or services it will provide and why customers will buy it. This is a serious question that many entrepreneurs often ignore because of \u201cpersonal biases\u201d. If they cannot clearly explain what problem they are solving, what need they are fulfilling, or how their products or services meet customers\u2019 demand than they should not go any further because they will fail.<\/p>\n

Traditional business provides values by satisfy the need of customers based on market demand. However, it is possible to provide values that satisfy a need that customers did not even know because there was no similar offering. This is often a case of innovation or new technology. This is the best reason for entrepreneur to get into startup business. For example, Personal Computer did not exist before Steve Jobs started Apple (before that it is only an assembling kit for hobbyist). Mobile telecommunication is another example of a new technology opens a new industry because this market did not exist before.<\/p>\n

Value can be created by helping customer get certain jobs done. For example, Airline companies depend on Jet engine companies to manufacture and service their airplane engines. This arrangement allows airliners to pay engine makers monthly maintenance fee so they can focus on operate an airlines without worry about maintaining engines. Another way of providing value to customers is making thing easier and convenience to use. For example, Apple iPod and iTunes provide users an easy way to search, buy, download and listen to music. That is why today Apple completely dominates the music industry with this service. Helping customers reduce costs is another way to provide value. For example, Cloud Computing Company will host all information technology applications on their servers where customers can access to them via the Internet and pay per usage. This relieves customers from expenses of maintaining IT applications and keeps an organization in house to buy, install, and manage all IT products. Another way of providing value is to perform needed software activities for customers at lower costs as in software outsourcing services.<\/p>\n

Providing value involves the identification of specific channels to reach the customers and deliver the value to them. A channel can be used to raise awareness among customers about a company\u2019s product and services; helps customers to evaluate the company\u2019s value; allows them to buy specific products and services; deliver the value to them and provide supports when they needed. To complete this business model component, entrepreneur must answer the following questions: How do customers know about our company\u2019s products and services? Do we need marketing and sales people? Do we need to advertise? Where do we advertise? How much does it cost? Do we need to set up our own website? How do we get people to go to our website? How do we set up a search engine optimization (SEO) process to get them to our website? How do we help them to evaluate our products and services? How do we allow them to buy our products and services? How do we deliver our products or services to them? What type of transportation do we need? Should we use truck, railroad or airplane? Should we deliver by our people? Should we hire another company to deliver our product? Can customers download our products from our website? How do we provide support after sales? Which one work best? Which ones are most cost-efficient?<\/p>\n

Many Entrepreneurs only focus on their products and services but do not pay attention to channel. When they are ready to do business, they found that customers cannot find them, know about them or buy things from them. It is important to figure out these details before even think about starting a company.<\/p>\n

For startup, the most important factor is having customers. Without customers there is no business. But the second important factor is revenue. Revenue represents money a startup generates from each customer and entrepreneurs must ensure that the costs of making and delivering products and services are much less than the revenue it gets, thus make sure the business is profitable. Profits depend not only on sales revenues but also on sales volumes. Volume is very important as it will allow the company to grow. For example, if your cost is $100 and you can sell for $150 then your profit is $50 but the question is how many times can you make a sale? What will happen if you only make a few sales? If you have 100 customers then your profit is $5000 and is $5000 a profitable business? If you have 1000 customers than your profit is $50,000. Is it what your business goal is? As an entrepreneur, you must understand that there is direct cost of making a product but also indirect cost of operation such as administration and financial expenses. Entrepreneur must review and write down on paper everything, from selling prices, operating costs and sales volumes to have an accurate number to make sure the business is profitable.<\/p>\n

There are several ways of generate revenue: The most common is selling the ownership of a physical product such as books, foods, electronic devices etc. Where customer pays directly to get the product. The second way is to generate money by providing a service. The more the service is used, the more customer pays. A hotel charges customer for the number of night, rooms are used. The student pays for each hour of tutorial. It is also possible to generate money by subscription fees by allow customers to access to a service. For example, members pay a monthly fee to access to website of online games; readers pay a monthly fee to access to on line magazines, or newspapers. It is possible to generate revenues for advertising a products, services, or brand in newspapers, magazine or online websites.<\/p>\n

To ensure the startup is making money, entrepreneurs must thoroughly working on these business model components in details to understand all the processes involved then conduct a market research to validate it to determine how to execute the processes in an optimal fashion to achieve the business goals. Entrepreneurs must have the answers on how the startup makes money? How much is possible within a year, in three years, and in five years.<\/p>\n

Entrepreneurs must understand how will the startup compete in the market with others? Competing typically involves identifying a market with certain needs that they can meet and doing better than competitors. They must organize a new way to do it and be able to convince customers to do business with them. They must plan for business grows because the strategy is to become an enterprise. The business model must look at the issue of business growth and describe how it will be achieved.<\/p>\n

A business can grow through entering new markets, expanding its range of offerings and taking over existing businesses. In a highly competitive market, with many existing competitors, the best way is using innovation technology to get advantage over others. That is why in the past fifty years, all new startups are based on technology. It was the fast CPU that enabled the personal computer of Apple to compete with the mainframe IBM computers. It was software that allowed Microsoft to dominate the market. It was the search engine algorithms that make Google to be the number one search company.\u00a0 It also explained the reason that 85% of the millionaire and billionaire in the world today, all come from or investing in technology area.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 n\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=765"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":766,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/765\/revisions\/766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}