{"id":759,"date":"2013-06-23T21:19:18","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=759"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:19:18","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:19:18","slug":"stem-va-steam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=759","title":{"rendered":"STEM v\u00e0 STEAM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o STEM (Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc), c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 Obama n\u00f3i: “L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng STEM \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0 N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea1nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129.” \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, th\u00eam gi\u1edd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Fran\u00e7ois Hollande mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne c\u1ee7a Paris, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u00e0; h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e9p v\u1ebf.\u201d Logic l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Hollande \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i tu l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1ee1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00edch th\u00fa, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00edch, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1edbp v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3n m\u1eebng tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, tu\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n th\u00edch th\u00fa h\u01a1n v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 huynh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng vui. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang, con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i khi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n minh: \u201cKhi tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng d\u00e0nh 12 gi\u1edd cho h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y cho v\u00e0i gi\u1edd tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sau gi\u1edd \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ebb em Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e3i t\u1edbi mu\u1ed9n; con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch xem ti vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i logic g\u00ec v\u1eady?\u201d C\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp s\u1ebd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vincent Peillon s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng STEM l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo M\u0129; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, tranh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean thay v\u00ec STEM n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 STEAM (khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT, v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc) nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n theo M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Brazil, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t qua c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 17 sao?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STEM and STEAM<\/p>\n

As some countries are moving quickly toward a new education direction to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), others are still debating whether this is the right direction.<\/p>\n

Last month U.S. President Obama said: “A world-class STEM workforce is essential to all of us as a nation.\u00a0 It is about economic prosperity, international competitiveness, strong national defense, clean energy future, and longer, healthier lives for all Americans.” He directed public schools to increase more works, more hours and encourage more students to study STEM fields.<\/p>\n

President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande of France wanted to ban all school homeworks. At Paris\u2019s SorbonneUniversity, he declared: \u201cEducation program is a societal program. Work should be done at school, not at home; students should study in school, not at home. We want students who have no help at home are not disadvantaged.\u201d The logic is students from wealthy family have more time to do homeworks with parental help. And it gives them advantages over children who come from poor family where they receive no help from parents. Some may even have to work to help parents make a living.<\/p>\n

Mr. Hollande issued a proposal to end all school homeworks as part of his education reforms to overhaul the country\u2019s education system. He wanted to increase the number of teachers, moving the school week to four and a half days, changing curriculum to add diverse topics that interest students, as if students are interested, they will not cut classes and therefore reduce absenteeism. Of course, students are welcoming the news of having less classes, shorten school week, more interesting courses etc. However parents are not amused. Many complained that without proper education, their children will be at disadvantage when compete with people from other countries. A French mother argued: \u201cWhen children in Japan, China, and S. Korea go to school six days a weeks and sometime spend 12 hours of studying. Our children go to school only four days for few hours of class. After school, Japanese children go to private tutoring class to study science and math then go home and work on their homeworks until late; our children are encouraged to enjoy TV and other activities. What kind of logic is this?\u201d It is not clear where the money to hire thousands more teachers and add more classes will come from, but Education Minister Vincent Peillon will have to figure out how to implement the new reform direction.<\/p>\n

French teachers also did not believe that STEM was good enough. They proposed to add additional subjects such as arts, music, literatures to the overall program. They pointed to the fact that innovation happens when convergent thinkers work together to create new things. A group of teachers told the newspapers: \u201cWe do not need to follow the American; we have our own way as we want our students to study more arts such as paintings, culturing, drawings, music, literatures so instead of STEM it should be STEAM (science, technology, engineering, ARTs, and math) but with more arts courses. Creativity and arts have always been central to France\u2018s culture. We do not need to follow the American and other technology driven countries like Japan, S. Korea, Brazil, India and China. There is no greater integrity, no greater goal achieved, than an idea articulately expressed through something made with your hands.\u201d<\/p>\n

I have no further comment on this but I noticed that unemployment among young people in Europe is increasing and their economies are declining. I wonder whether people still believe that they are living in the 17th<\/sup>\u00a0century?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n nhanh t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o STEM (Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":760,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions\/760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}