{"id":757,"date":"2013-06-23T21:17:24","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=757"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:17:24","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:17:24","slug":"con-duong-phia-truoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=757","title":{"rendered":"Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 giao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn li\u1ec7u r\u1ebd tr\u00e1i, r\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i hay \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xem n\u00f3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 giao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a k\u00e9m khi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sau khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u01b0: \u201cCh\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch r\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u1ed5n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 logic v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho n\u00ean em quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh ta: \u201cB\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u00ec?” Anh sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u00eam khi ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.\u201d M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i y\u00eau l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cEm kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch to\u00e1n cho n\u00ean em tr\u00e1nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n trong to\u00e1n. Em s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4 ta: \u201cK\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e1n? To\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 hay c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 logic, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. B\u1ea1n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n to\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eddi cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n to\u00e1n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u00ed do m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cB\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 em mu\u1ed1n em l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 cho n\u00ean em h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 cho d\u00f9 em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Em ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, em c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. Em th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u1eefa, em th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed9p b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Em l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00ec anh ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec anh ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ecm. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac sinh vi\u00ean l\u1edbn l\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec; h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01a1 may l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhau. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. C\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c nhau b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c con v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong sinh h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i n\u1eefa. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng. Tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n hay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u? B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u1ec5 cho sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng \u00edch g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a sai b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ai kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cC\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3.\u201d V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf tu\u1ed5i mong manh n\u00e0y. Ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3. L\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba hay th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: H\u1ecd c\u00f3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00edch l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i khi duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p khi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The road ahead<\/p>\n

Have you ever reach an intersection with several roads but do not know which road to choose? You know that you must make choice whether to turn left, turn right or go straight ahead and one of them will get you to your destination but the other will make you get lost. You know that you must make decision but you feel uncomfortable because you are not sure. What happened if you already have a map and have reviewed it carefully so you know what road to take and by the time to reach the intersection, you do not have to guess. You need that map before you go to the intersection just like students must prepare for college before they enter college.<\/p>\n

Many college students never plan ahead and often make poor choice when entering college. That is why we have many college graduates without a good career or not be able to find jobs. Preparing for college should start earlier than most student thought; it must start in high school. Students must plan for the field that they want to study as early as possible by conduct their own research, investigate market trends, asking school counselors, discuss with parents and relatives but they must make their own decision after carefully review all of their options. Many students often receive advice such as: \u201cSelect the study field that you like then everything else will be fine.\u201d It is logical because no one want to study something that they do not like. However my question is \u201cDo students really know what they like?\u201d<\/p>\n

For many years of college teaching, I met a lot of students who did not know what they like and often not sure about their choice of study. For example, a student told me: \u201cIn high school, I got good grades in history so I decide to study history in college.\u201d I asked him: \u201cWhat do you think you will do with a degree in history and what kinds of job you will get? The student did not have the answer. I explained: \u201cThere is a difference between what you learned in high school and what you will learn in college. Having good grade in high school does not guarantee good grade in college, you cannot decide your future based only on what you did in high school. You need to carefully investigate more when choosing a field to study.\u201d Although I teach science but I love history, especially ancient history but I believe that unless you have a passion for history and intend to pursue advanced degree to be a historian, it is difficult to get a good job with just a bachelor\u2019s degree in history.<\/p>\n

Another student told me: \u201cI do not like math so I avoid science because it requires many courses in mathematics. I will select any field that does not require math.\u201d I asked her: \u201cTell me where can you find some fields that do not have math? Math is not just numbers or formulas, it is also logic, it is about thinking and analyzing. You always need math in life so you must overcome the fear of math. You do not have to avoid something because it requires math. Sometime the reason that you are afraid of math because you do not have a good mathematic foundation. Maybe you did not do well in arithmetic when you are in elementary school, but it does not mean you have to avoid math.\u201d<\/p>\n

I also met several students who study something because of family pressure. A student told me: \u201cMy parents want me to be an engineer so I study engineer even I did not do well. I only do average work but after a year, I feel tired and barely learn anything. I stop attending class, I stop doing required readings, and even stop turning in homeworks. I am planning to quit school.\u201d Of course, I understand the reason that he did not do well because he had to do something to please his family instead of taking the time to figure out what he really wanted.<\/p>\n

Going to college sometimes is like being thrown into an ocean where you either swim or drown. Some students will succeed and some will fail but it should not be that way. Going to college is about learning and building a foundational knowledge so students can develop skills. Going to college is also the time for students to grow, to mature and take responsibility for themselves, for their family, for their society, and their country. That is why it is very important for students to take time to discover what is important to them before select what to study. They need to take it seriously and consider many factors before starting college. Only by knowing what their strengths and weaknesses are; what they can and cannot; what they like and do not like; before making decision then it will increase the chance that they will be happy with the results achieved after four years of college.<\/p>\n

I found that many students did not investigate about their choice of study. Few would do research to understand about the field that they are getting into. Many selected what their friends have selected so they can be with their friends. Many also selected what their parents want them to study and many parents also did not investigate the field carefully. Today, the world is changing rapidly due to technology changes and globalization. What work well in the past may not work well in the future. It is important to do research to identify the trends as well as the market needs. Even though you know what you like but you must still investigate to identify different options within a field, because there are many subfields and specializations available.<\/p>\n

A degree in biology does not necessarily mean you will be staring into microscopes all day. There are some fields within biology involve working outdoors, caring for people, creating and modeling chemicals, and much more. A degree in computer does not necessary mean you will be writing codes all day. There are fields within computer involving working with customers, reviewing quality, designing system, managing database and monitoring networks. Depending on the college, there will also be a different approach taken to every subject. My advice is you need to investigate to see if the college that you want to attend have the type of education and training that you are looking for. You may want to see whether a bachelor\u2019s degree is what you want or you may want to continue for an advance degree? You also need to determine if your education will help you establishing a good career and stable jobs in the future. Does the college offer a comprehensive training that suits your personality? These are all important questions that should be considered when thinking about going to college.<\/p>\n

When considering these factors, you must make sure that you are being honest with yourself when looking at all the roads ahead, all the fields that you can select and determine which one would fit your own personality. It is easy for students to be biased and inflate our positive strengths and ignore the negative ones, but there is no point of lying to yourself about what you are good at and what you are not good at. Basically, you cannot cheat yourself because making the wrong choice you will hurt no one but you.<\/p>\n

A person told me: \u201cThe best ways to learn in life is to make mistakes and learn from it.\u201d The issue is somebody may learn from it but many may not. And I do not want young students to make mistake, especially at this tender age. Somebody can overcome a failure but many may not. However, in every college there are students who have made mistakes and some of them are willing to help you avoid the same mistakes. Listening to college students who are in their second, a third or fourth year is one of the best ways to decide what degree to pursue. You may want to ask: Are they happy with their choices? Do they like their field of study? Are they having trouble maintaining their grades? Even if you only know a few people in college, and even if they are not interested in the same subjects you are, it still might be valuable to ask for information regarding what they think of college life in general. Sometimes you will be surprised by how much you learn.<\/p>\n

Deciding what field to study can be a very difficult decision; but if you take time and begin your investigation, you will find that there are many people who are willing to help you make the right decision for your college education. Please go and ask them then be prepared so you do not have to make hasty decision when you go to college, you already have a roadmap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 giao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":758,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions\/758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}