{"id":742,"date":"2013-06-23T21:07:21","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:07:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=742"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:07:21","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:07:21","slug":"vi-du-ve-mo-hinh-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=742","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eb7t ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng theo c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Bill Gates v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Microsoft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00ed do n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra, chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p sinh l\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, thao t\u00e1c t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, hay ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng qua ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9a t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5), Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; K\u00eanh (c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb); Quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n); Thu nh\u1eadp (b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ra bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n); Chi ph\u00ed (b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb); T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec) v\u00e0 Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c (b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi Apple, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Apple kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi l\u00fac n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, Steve Jobs coi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2001, Apple b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y nghe MP3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 iPod. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m iTunes cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1ea1c t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0o iPod. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Apple \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1c xu\u1ed1ng cho iPod. Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs l\u00e0: \u201cCung c\u1ea5p kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghe nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm, mua, t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn\u201d ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd b\u00e1n \u0111\u0129a nh\u1ea1c CD trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed. N\u00f3 cho Apple v\u1ecb th\u1ebf k\u1ebb chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong hai n\u0103m. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng MP3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Applev\u00e0o ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Apple KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n MP3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 65 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc b\u00e1n m\u00e1y nghe MP3 nh\u01b0 Sonny, Panasonic, Samsung, Rio, Diamond, SanDisk, Zune, Casio v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb Apple \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Steve Jobs v\u1ec1 iPod v\u00e0 iTunes: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u2013\u00a0tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng<\/i>), Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nghe nh\u1ea1c<\/i>); K\u00eanh (c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u2013\u00a0C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn Apple v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed)<\/i>; Quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u2013\u00a0T\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Apple<\/i>); Thu nh\u1eadp (b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ra bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n \u2013 C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng iTunes l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n nh\u1ea1c, thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng iPods<\/i>); Chi ph\u00ed (b\u1ea1n chi bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u2013\u00a0chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/i>); T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u2013\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n Apple, nh\u1ea1c,\u00a0 iTunes, iPod<\/i>) Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u2013\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1edbi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t<\/i>) v\u00e0 Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c (b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb? \u2013\u00a0c\u00f4ng ti \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng).<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Example of Business Model<\/p>\n

Entrepreneurs start with ideas, but idea is only a concept or mental impression of a person. From the idea, entrepreneurs develop a vision. A vision is a statement describes the value it can create as well as the future for the startup. The vision helps set the direction and motivates people to work toward the same direction. For example Bill Gates\u2019 vision about put a personal computer in every house in the U.S is a powerful vision that motivates Microsoft people. However, to share information about the business, Entrepreneurs must develop a business model to describe the rationale of how the startup creates, delivers value and grow to become a profitable business.<\/p>\n

From the business model, entrepreneurs can describe, manipulate each components to get the maximum benefit possible. The business model is the foundation for the company strategy to be implemented through the structures, processes and activities. Each component of the business model must be validated carefully to make sure that it is correct and feasible. In the beginning, the business model is only a hypothesis, or a guess but through market validation, it becomes a reality. Entrepreneurs cannot build startups on their opinion or their hope. Everything they do must be based on facts and data. This is the key concept that distinguish between a success and a failure.<\/p>\n

The business model consists of eight components: The Value (The products or services), The customers; The Chanel (How do you reach customers and deliver value); The Customer relationships (How do you get customers, keep them, grow them and acquire more customers); The Revenue (How much money you make); The Cost (How much money you spend to create the Value) Resources (What do you need to develop your value) Activities (What you must do) and Partnerships (Who should you work with to optimize your value?).<\/p>\n

Since technical students are not comfortable with the concept of business model it would be best to use real examples to illustrate this concept. Since most students are familiar with Apple, Let\u2019s us start with this company. Of course, Apple is no longer a startup but every time it starts a new product or service, Steve Jobs treated it like a startup. He develops a vision and business model to discuss it with his people.<\/p>\n

In 2001, Apple started to develop a MP3 player called the iPod. This device works in conjunction with iTunes software that allows users to transfer music from a computer to the iPod. The software also provides a connection to Apple\u2019s online store so users can buy and download music to the iPod. Steve Jobs vision is: \u201cProvide a seamless music experience by integrate our music device to our computer software that connect to our online store where users can easily search, buy, download, and enjoy music.\u201d<\/p>\n

The vision of \u201cCombine hardware, software, and online store\u201d completely disrupts the music industry where they sell music CD in physical stores. It gave Apple a dominant market position within two years. It also disrupts the MP3 hardware industry and pushed most of Apple \u2018s competitors into bankruptcy. Apple is NOT the first company that develops the MP3 in the market. There were at least 65 well established companies that sell MP3 players such as Sonny, Panasonic, Samsung, Rio, Diamond, SanDisk, Zune, Casio etc. All of these companies were very successful until they were outpaced by Apple.<\/p>\n

The business model of Steve Jobs on iPod and iTunes: The Value (The products or services \u2013\u00a0Seamless music experience<\/i>), The customers (People who want to listen to music<\/i>); The Chanel (How do you reach customers and deliver value \u2013\u00a0Apple online store and electronic retail stores)<\/i>; The Customer relationships (How do you get customers, keep them, grow them and acquire more customers \u2013\u00a0Brand name that keep them switch to Apple product<\/i>); The Revenue (How much money you make \u2013iTunes store make money selling music, iPods hardware revenues<\/i>\u00a0); The Cost (How much money you spend to create the Value \u2013\u00a0cost of people, marketing, sales and manufacturing<\/i>) Resources (What do you need to develop your value \u2013\u00a0Our People, Apple brand, music,\u00a0 iTunes, iPod<\/i>) Activities (What you must do \u2013\u00a0hardware design to perfection and best marketing people<\/i>) and Partnerships (Who should you work with to optimize your value? \u2013\u00a0music companies, hardware manufacturer).<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u00fd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=742"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":743,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions\/743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}