{"id":738,"date":"2013-06-23T21:04:40","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=738"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:04:40","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:04:40","slug":"chap-nhan-cong-nghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=738","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lan r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1edbm lan ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 lan sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; n\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang lan sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u01a1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i mua s\u1eafm, d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) nh\u01b0 Internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hay g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 theo vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edf ra cho c\u1ea1nh tranh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robot \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh, gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n pha: Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3; trong pha n\u00e0y, trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3; trong pha n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3; trong pha n\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra; trong pha n\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Pha cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 pha m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf pha n\u00e0y v\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00a0c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG x\u1ea3y ra. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Theo Ts. Everett Rogers, c\u00f3 n\u0103m ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh hay theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn S\u1edbm l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 S\u1edbm l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110a s\u1ed1 Mu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Ts. Geoffrey Moore \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1edbm) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 (\u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u1edbm). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ts. Moore k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cN\u1ebfu l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo sau bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i theo v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Thanh ni\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Technology Adoption<\/p>\n

Today, we are seeing the impact of globalization in many places. The economic crisis in Greece, Spain, and Portugal is beginning to spread to others European countries and soon to the world. Few years ago, the financial crisis in the U.S. spread to Europe and impacted their economies; it is now spreading to Asia where China and India are being impacted. When trading slowdown, when people stop buying, the key driver for economic growth lost its momentum, companies shut down and many people lose their jobs. Most people only see globalization as an economic force but few understand that the root of globalization is technology. With the application of Information Technology (IT) such as the Internet, smart phones and online business, many things will change as more technologies will be introduced in the next few years and the pace of change will continue to accelerate.<\/p>\n

Globalization can provide opportunities for economic growth or decay depends upon the adoption of technology or the failure to response to it. In this fast changing world, inaction or failure to act is the key factor preventing economic growth. Without growth, there are few opportunities and fewer jobs. As the global world is opening to more competitions, every country must deal with the issue of technology adoption. For example, automated machines and robots are replacing labor workers so the demand for labor workers is decreasing but the need of technology workers is increasing. Innovation such as genetic modified crops is increasing agriculture productivity and shifts the balance of food supplies power in favor of few countries in the global market. New innovated drugs can eradicate some diseases, keep people live longer but increase the cost of healthcare and the demand for healthcare workers.<\/p>\n

Technology adoption requires new thinking, new education, and new skills. Because the skills to succeed today are different from the skills in the past, adopting technology requires knowledge from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). It means the education system must change quickly to develop a new generation of knowledge workers. These highly educated workers will be the fuel for economic growth and jobs creation. Without them, there will be no hope to overcome the global economic force. The big question is how does the technology adoption work?<\/p>\n

The typical adoption of technology goes through four phases: Awareness, Understanding, Acceptance, and Support. If you do not know about technology, you will not adopt it; in this phase, communication is the most important factor to let people know about the technology. If you do not understand technology, you will not adopt it; in this phase, education is the most important factor to train people technology skills. If you do not see the benefits of technology, you will not adopt it; in this phase leaderships is the most important factor to set direction for technology adoption. If you do not support the adoption of a technology, it will not happen; in this phase funding, investing and monitoring of the adoption process are important. The last phase is the critical phase as it determines success or failure of technology adoption. Many companies often failed in this phase because it is easy to let people know about technology, train them on technology, or talk about the benefits but without management leaderships and oversight, it will NOT happen. History is full of stories about failure to change when technology change.<\/p>\n

Technology adoption is a process determined by members of a company or a society. The rate of the adoption is depending on the awareness, understanding, acceptance and support of those members. According to Dr. Everett Rogers, there are five types of people who have influence on technology adoption: The Innovators are scientists who invent or pursue the technology. The Early Adopters are people who have vision about what technology can do and want to adopt it to benefits society. The Early Majority are conservative people who may understand the benefits but rather wait until the technology is well established before adopt it. These people are more concerned with money and do not want to do anything until they are sure of their own benefits. The Late Majority are followers who do not understand or care about technology but follows direction and accept whatever come their way. The Laggards are people who do not want to change or adopt anything for variety of reasons. They just want to maintain their own status and refuse to do anything that may impact their position. They always hold on to their belief and ideas regardless.<\/p>\n

Dr. Geoffrey Moore conducted research on technology adoption in large companies and found that there was a big gap between the visionary (early adopter) and the conservative (early majority). The visionary are enthusiastic about the benefits but do not have the mean to make it happens. The conservative are concerned with financial and often delay any change until they are sure of their own financial success. They want to wait until new technology is established so they can be sure for their success. Dr. Moore concluded: \u201cIf the gap between visionary and conservative is too big, adoption will not happen. If it takes longer time, the opportunity will be lost.\u201d He advocated that the best way for technology adoption is to focus on bridging the gap between the visionary and the conservative because the Followers will always follow and the Laggards will never change.<\/p>\n

Today there is a new generation of young people who has grown up with technology. They know about technology as well as understand the benefits so technology adoption can happen much faster if there are opportunities. Young people are quickly to adopt new thing and they must be encouraged to develop opportunities for themselves because the future belong to them. The main obstacle is proper education and training as without the needed skills, the opportunity will be lost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":739,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/738\/revisions\/739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}