{"id":732,"date":"2013-06-23T21:00:17","date_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=732"},"modified":"2013-06-23T21:00:17","modified_gmt":"2013-06-23T14:00:17","slug":"lua-chon-thi-truong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=732","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng thu nh\u1eadp ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn hay ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng qui m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti hay chuy\u1ec3n sang \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Chuy\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean: \u201cD\u1ec5 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong l\u1edbp h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi. D\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo n\u00f3 \u0111i. N\u1ebfu \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00eam trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc khi b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean: Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi ai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chung nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ti vi, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, MP3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai mu\u1ed1n mua.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Hay t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3); th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 (T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi k\u00eanh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i) v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (Ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00f4m nay?). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t app di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee1 1 t\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu app kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 10 tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua n\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 1 tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129 ao \u01b0\u1edbc hay hi v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ao \u01b0\u1edbc hay may m\u1eafn v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin th\u00eam t\u1eeb tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Wall Street, b\u00e0i tr\u00ean web, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 1 tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c mua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh cho n\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 330,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ebd t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng app di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i game cho n\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 33,000. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 10% th\u00edch ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i “c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u1eef ch\u00e9o” m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho n\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 3,300 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $1 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $3,300 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 sang 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 $3300 X 50 = $165,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti ABC, c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $300,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti XYZ l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $500,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3o d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 t\u1edbi $200,000 hay $250.000 theo \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p hay $300,000 t\u1edbi $400,000 theo \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo n\u0103m v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sinh l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n \u00edch l\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Selecting Markets<\/p>\n

Every startup must be designed to grow and entrepreneur must determine whether the idea to start company has the potential to grow or not. Nothing worse than spending all the time, efforts and hard works only to discover that the revenue never grow big enough or only grow similar to an average annual salary of a regular workers.<\/p>\n

To avoid that, entrepreneur must estimate the market size potential of the idea to determine whether it is really worth to start the company or switch to better idea with better potential. Switching idea is not a failure; it means you are still learning to build a successful business. If you are afraid to fail in a startup, you should not be an entrepreneur. Failure when you just begin to develop idea is not failure but an important part of learning. I often tell students: \u201cIt is easier to fail in class than in life. It is easy to change your idea than change your company. When something does not work, decide what needs fixing and act on it. If the idea is not good enough, change it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Every potential market is dictated by number of existing customers, future growth in local market, and the chance to attract additional customers in global market. It means you should start small and grow in local market then global market. Each step requires a lot of learning as you grow your startup to an enterprise. Many entrepreneurs never think outside of their local market. They do not know the potential of growth therefore miss the larger market entirely.<\/p>\n

There are many types of customer with different needs so it is important to separate different groups of customer that you want to reach. Customers can be organized into groups based on: Their needs, their distribution channels, and their types of relationships. As Entrepreneur, you must ask who are the most important. Who should you reach first and who would give you the best chance to be successful. Many entrepreneurs do not distinguish between customer groups as they like to focus on a large group of customers with similar needs and problems. It is only possible when your startup provide generic products such as selling electronic devices, TV, mobile phone, MP3 to whoever wants to buy.<\/p>\n

As entrepreneur, you can start with a top down estimates based the Total market (How big is the market? Or the total number of possible customers); the available market (How many customer that I can reach with my sale channel) and the target market (Who would be the best customers to start with today?). For example, a mobile app has a total potential of 1 billion customers in the global market. If the app is not written in English than its potential is limited to local market, which is smaller, for example 10 million customers. The existing customers are the estimate of actual customers that may buy it which is much smaller, for example 1 million customers. By estimate the total market, the available market, and the target market, you can come up with a reasonable number to determine whether the opportunity is really worth your efforts or not. Of course, at this time everything is only a guess. That is why you must conduct market research to turn his guess into facts.<\/p>\n

A top down estimate is the first step to come up with some numbers. Entrepreneur should avoid personal biases, any wishful thinking or hope at this time. You do not start business based on a wish or luck as everything must be based on facts and data. You need to learn how to use financial market reports, market research data, competitors data, and gather additional information from market news, Wall Street report, web articles, and whatever data available to validate the market potential.<\/p>\n

The next step is to start from bottom up to re-check the calculated numbers so you can come up with reasonable estimates. For example, there are 1 million students go to college each year in your country but only a third can afford to buy smart phone so the total market for smart phone is approximately at 330,000 per year. Among smart phone users, only ten percent would download mobile app to play games so your available annual market is only 33,000. Among them, only 10% like to play \u201ccrossword puzzle\u201d game that you build so your target market is only 3,300 customers. If you sell your game at $1 per download then you can make $3,300 per year. If your game is written in English then you can expand it to 50 English speaking countries. if your market data calculation is correct then your potential earning would be $3300 X 50 = $165,000 per year.<\/p>\n

Of course, no one can really estimate market for an idea because it does not exist yet. But it is possible to estimate based on similar products or any comparable companies. Based on your market research, you learn that ABC, another company that has similar product make $300,000 per year and XYZ company make $500,000 per year. It means maybe your calculation is too conservative. In this case you could adjust it to $200,000 or $250.000 in the low estimates or $300,000 to $400,000 on the high estimates. As entrepreneur, you must check whether these companies can grow as fast as your estimate or not then make the adjustment accordingly. You want to check their growth rate per year and use similar projection to estimate how fast you can grow in the next three to five years.<\/p>\n

It takes time, efforts and a lot of hard work to develop a startup. It also requires research, review, tracking market trends to determine whether your idea is worth your efforts or your startup is really profitable before you even start the company. By following these steps systematically, you will avoid the headache, the frustration as well as wasting your own money to pursue something that may not bring you the benefit that you expected.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":733,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions\/733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}