{"id":691,"date":"2013-06-22T11:22:53","date_gmt":"2013-06-22T04:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=691"},"modified":"2013-06-22T11:22:53","modified_gmt":"2013-06-22T04:22:53","slug":"hoc-bang-doc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=691","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc. L\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt kh\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. L\u00ed do sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi TV, MP3, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video, v\u00e0 Internet thay v\u00ec s\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 nhanh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u01b0a th\u00edch d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00fa “s\u1ed1c” v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eebng l\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 sau trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong l\u1edbp qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ebf th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i?\u201d, \u201cT\u1ea1i sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?\u201d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n n\u00f3, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 qua k\u00ec thi. T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua v\u00e0i b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft th\u00fac. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ghi nh\u1edb, t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “\u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf” trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1edbp chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm tr\u00ean Internet theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u; ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 sau b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd t\u00ecm m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u00e2n cho h\u1ecd. Khi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u0103ng h\u01a1n khi sinh vi\u00ean th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tham gia. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v.v.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning by reading<\/p>\n

A young college professor wrote to me: \u201cToday students do not want to read. Getting them to read is difficult. Most only read superficially just to past the test. How do I make them reading more?<\/p>\n

Answer: For years I also have to deal with this problem too. The reason students do not want to read because they do not have good reading habit. Today most students grow up with TV, MP3, Videogames, and Internet instead of books. They want something interactive, short and quick, as they do not have the patient to read books. In all of my classes, I make clear from the beginning that reading is required. I do not summarize what is in these reading assignments but prefer to use class time for discussion. Of course, students do not believe it so I start the first week with a test based on the reading assignment. This is a \u201cShock\u201d and many complain loudly. The second test in the following week is the same with more materials from reading assignments. By that time students get my message and begin to read.<\/p>\n

To encourage students to read before coming to class, I start each class with questions from reading materials. I ask them about key concept and how does it relate to the course main learning objectives. Then I explain how it will be used later in their professional career. When students understand the reason \u201cWhy\u201d they need to know these materials and how they benefit them, their attitude changes. For example, in the project management class, I begin with the question: \u201cWhy do so many software projects failed?\u201d, \u201cWhy customers are not happy with software?\u201d These questions lead to the discussion about the causes of project failure and how to improve it. From there I let students to come up with their own conclusion on what skills they need to be a good project manager. From their conclusions, I ask them to read articles each week on specific skills before class so they can come to class ready to discuss. By making it clear about the benefits of reading assignment and why they need it, students are motivated to read.<\/p>\n

Of course, there are students who only read materials once or skimming it quickly just to pass the test. I remind them that I will reuse materials from weeks earlier for the next test, if they only skimming through some readings, they will have to read these materials again for the coming tests as well as for the final test. The best way to avoid this issue is to carefully read everything several times until they understand it well so they do not have to reread them before each test. I also explain that in high school reading implies memorization of key ideas but college reading is about understanding. Instead of focus on memorization, I use \u201copen-ended\u201d questions in tests that students must explain their understanding to solve problems.<\/p>\n

For advanced classes at graduate level,\u00a0students must complete some readings that they found on the Internet on their own. At the beginning of each class, they spend about five minutes explain to the class about how they read the material; where they found it, and what are important in the reading. This type of discussion requires students to talk to one another about their readings. These readings will be crucial to their career later because it allows them to find their own interests instead of what the professor assign to them. As the course progresses, activities grow more challenging, discussion become intense as students challenge each other for what they know. This is what true learning takes place without professor involvement. Their discussion will lead them to form connections between what they like and their future careers. For example, if they like to read more about coding, they may want to be developers. If they like to read about software architecture, they tend to be a design person etc.<\/p>\n

Learning by reading is essential to your career because it will build a continuous learning habit and students need to build this habit as early as possible. In this information age, everybody must be a lifelong learner.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc. L\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt kh\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1eddi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=691"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":692,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/691\/revisions\/692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}