{"id":649,"date":"2013-06-22T10:36:33","date_gmt":"2013-06-22T03:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=649"},"modified":"2013-06-22T10:36:33","modified_gmt":"2013-06-22T03:36:33","slug":"uoc-luong-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=649","title":{"rendered":"\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng sai? T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u? Ai n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh 100% th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chen v\u00e0o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Cho d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y trong \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat n\u1ebfu m\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 qua m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec trong \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u giao cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng cho l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p l\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u1edbn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ee1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project estimates<\/p>\n

A software developer wrote to me: \u201cWhy software project estimates are often wrong? Why many software projects do not meet schedule? Who should set schedule for the project?<\/p>\n

Answer: Software project estimates are often inaccurate because developers have difficulty with estimating the time required to complete their tasks. Most estimation theories assume that developers would spend 100% doing work but in fact there are many activities that often interfere with development work that are not accounted for.<\/p>\n

For example team meetings, group discussions, and other company\u2019s activities. These external activities are impossible to predict. In addition to write code, developers have to meet with customers to get requirements, design, test, write project documents, participating in reviews etc. All of these activities are difficult to estimate. Even if manager asks developers to include these activities in their estimates, it is not easy to do. How do you estimate the time for a team discussion? How long can you estimate the time needed to test software code? It can be few minutes if the code works well and passes all tests or it can be few days to identify and debug if the software does not work well.<\/p>\n

Many project schedules are given to project managers from customers. Have you ever asked if developers have difficulty in estimate their time how can customers come up with a schedule for them? Customers may have good reason for a schedule because they need the software product by that time, in that case they must discuss with the project manager to come up with a reasonable plan to accommodate the development and reduce risks.<\/p>\n

Project schedule should be based on the best estimates from the project team and negotiate with the customers to come up with a reasonable schedule that both project team and customer can agree. Even with that in place, project manager should monitor the planned schedule and actual accomplishment to check for any significant variation and take corrective action to ensure the project will not miss the agreed upon schedule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng sai? T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=649"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":651,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/649\/revisions\/651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}