{"id":640,"date":"2013-06-22T08:23:37","date_gmt":"2013-06-22T01:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=640"},"modified":"2013-06-22T08:23:37","modified_gmt":"2013-06-22T01:23:37","slug":"cuoc-chien-cong-nghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=640","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh doanh \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp r\u1ed3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf qui m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i chi ph\u1ed1i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y: Google, Apple, Facebook v\u00e0 Amazon. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa IBM v\u00e0 Apple v\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u00e1y t\u00ednh C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Apple \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Microsoft v\u00e0 Netscape v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Internet v\u00e0 Microsoft th\u1eafng. Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111ang m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 HP, Dell, Intel, v\u00e0 AMD, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 Facebook, v\u00e0 Twitter v.v.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Apple, Google v\u00e0 Microsoft nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m nhanh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang r\u1ed1i ren v\u00ec bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Apple v\u00e0 Google \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh nhau qua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng market (IOS \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Android). Amazon \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi HP, Dell, IBM, Oracle, v\u00e0 Microsoft qua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Google v\u00e0 Facebook \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh nhau qua th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v.v. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nga v\u00e0 Brazil v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh cho \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong t\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh iOS c\u1ee7a Apple (iPhone v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng iPad) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Android c\u1ee7a Google (\u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Samsung, LG v\u00e0 HTC v.v.). Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, Android c\u1ee7a Google ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng Apple v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trung th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n Google. Trong ki Apple \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi Google tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh Amazon tr\u00ean tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Apple chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng iPod v\u00e0 Amazon ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi Amazon \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh “c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u00e1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9” v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00e1n CD, DVD, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1c. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Apple c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 e-book h\u01a1n Amazon. Th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, Amazon l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1c so v\u1edbi Apple, v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eef d\u1ed9i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u00e0y. Khi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nhu c\u1ea7u thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Facebook ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Netflix v\u00e0 Spotify v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 phim v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, YouTube c\u1ee7a Google chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi video ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Google b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p phim v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Facebook. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i Facebook c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb\u00a0 \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa Apple, Google, Facebook v\u00e0 Amazon, m\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m di \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng app. Apple v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a iPod, IPads v\u00e0 iTunes l\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 60% t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 2012. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Amazon v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Kindle c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t 65% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Apple c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean 50% trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng IOS s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Google l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9: c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng Android c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 Samsung, HTC, Sony v\u00e0 Asus, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m 2011 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mua Motorola v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng. Google c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y notebook gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Chrome c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tin Google s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi n\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn do vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Google v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u00ea b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Microsoft \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Nokia \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Window 8 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Window 8 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c PC, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng (Surface) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi n\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i vinh quang tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Microsoft c\u0169ng thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh cho lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i M\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n (IOS, Android, v\u00e0 Window 8) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc KH\u00d4NG d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch than: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00ec tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i trong khu v\u1ef1c di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u L\u1edbn. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean t\u1eebng n\u0103m, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT $ 100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng di \u0111\u1ed9ng $175 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn $400 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi Google, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, v\u00e0 Amazon \u0111ang tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd th\u1eafng. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1 Wall gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111ang tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ednh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang thu\u00ea b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Technology wars<\/p>\n

The goal of every business is profit, as long as the revenue is higher than cost than it is profitable. Business theories are focusing on how to increase revenue by advertizing and marketing and reduce cost by applying information technology to increase efficiency and automation. However with the global economy, growth is becoming another key element for increasing revenue because the market is no longer limited in any country but expands to the whole world. The approach is to capture the local market, then expand from local to global to increase revenue then outsources works to lower cost countries to reduce cost and maximize profit. Of course with globalization, the competition is happening at the global scale and every company is trying to position itself to be the dominant player in the global market.<\/p>\n

In the technology industry, there is an ongoing war between four global companies to position themselves in this growing world market: Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon. In the past, there was a battle between IBM and Apple for the Personal Computer market and Apple won. There was a battle between Microsoft and Netscape for the Internet market and Microsoft won. Today the battle is more complicated because it does not happen with one product but with multiple products.<\/p>\n

With smartphone and cloud computing, software has become the key factor rather than hardware. As hardware companies are losing money such as HP, Dell, Intel, and AMD, new software companies are emerging such as Facebook, and Twitter etc.\u00a0 Of course, Apple, Google and Microsoft are quickly position themselves with new operating systems and products to control the market. Because of this, software jobs are needed to fuel these battles when hardware jobs are decreasing fast in the world market. The current battle is confusing because the boundary is changing quickly. Apple and Google are fighting over smartphones and tablet computer market (IOS vs. Android). Amazon is fighting HP, Dell, IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft over cloud computing market. Google and Facebook are fighting over social networking market etc. These battles are spreading to many countries for market control and the needs for more skilled workers are increasing all over the world. In past years, these companies were opening development facilities and research centers in countries such as China, India, Russia and Brazil etc. to hire skilled workers to ready for the next battle in those countries. According to the industry\u2019s analysis report, the hiring of workers in foreign countries will continue in the next few years to strengthen the position in each and every country for market growth.<\/p>\n

Currently the major battle is between Apple\u2019s iOS operating system (iPhone and the iPad tablet computer) and Google\u2019s Android operating system (Smartphones and tablet computer manufacturing by Samsung, LG and HTC etc.). According to the report, Google\u2019s Android controls more than half of the market as it expands quickly all over the world but Apple still maintains a strong position as it claims to have more apps and more loyal supports than Google. While Apple fights Google on one battle, it fights Amazon on another. For years, Apple dominates the online music market with the iPod and Amazon controls the books market. However as Amazon is moving to be the \u201conline store of everything\u201d as it also sells CDs, DVDs, computers, clothes, and everything else including music downloads. Last year, Apple also moved into the book market with an aggressive strategy to lower e-book prices than Amazon. Seeing that, Amazon immediately began to lower its price for music download than Apple, and the battle began fiercely in this $100 billion dollars market. As the battle expands to other countries, the need to hire more skilled workers also increasing fast but the main issue is they could not find enough workers in these areas.<\/p>\n

Facebook controls the social network market; it develops alliances with Netflix and Spotify for people to share music and movies with their friends. At the same time, Google\u2019s YouTube dominates the world of user-generated video but last year, Google began to concentrate its forces by combining movies and music into a new market to attack Facebook. The key battle is in smartphone market where Facebook has a strong position with people sharing pictures and music on their phones. Therefore, there is a four-way fight between Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon, which have each developed combinations of mobile gadgets, operating systems and app stores. Apple with the combination of iPod, IPads and iTunes is the most profitable accounted for 60% of the total profits made by the mobile-phone industry in 2012. However, Amazon with its Kindle e-readers and tablet computers could sell everything to anybody in the world and control 65% of the online business market. Both of these companies are aggressively hiring software developers all over the world to expand the market into specific country. Apple announced that it will increase its worldwide workers by 50% in the next few years. That means more workers with IOS skills will be needed and they begin to look to India, China and other Asian countries to get skilled workers.<\/p>\n

Google\u2019s strategy is to control everything: both hardware and software. Although its Android phones and tablets are made by other companies such as Samsung, HTC, Sony and Asus, but in 2011 it bought Motorola and began to start its own mobile phones and tablets which made other manufactures very nervous. Google also created cheap notebooks using its Chrome operating systems. Most analysts believe Google will develop more cheap notebooks, cheap phones, and cheap tablets devices with the hope that will be able to expand its market worldwide. As it is increasing its influence, it is also hiring workers in every country. An analyst said: \u201cThe mobile market is expanding fast and country with mobile skilled workers will benefit significantly due to Google\u2019s expansion as it hire anyone it can find to make sure that it will have enough workers to dominate the market.\u201d<\/p>\n

Of course, Microsoft who has been quiet for a number of years also makes its move. Microsoft is working closely with Nokia to develop new phones, new tablets using its new Window 8 operating system. As a fully integrated system, Window 8 works in PCs, Phones, tablets (Surface) and many new devices which give it a new way to control the market as it is desperate to regain its former glory. Microsoft also hiring more foreign workers in recent years as it is a strong support of the new immigration laws to bring more foreign workers to its U.S. development center.<\/p>\n

Today platforms (IOS, Android, and Window 8) are the new weapons in which these companies use to control the market but most universities do NOT teach these new technologies. An analyst lamented: \u201cWithout the knowledge of what industry needs, many schools, many students as well as many countries may miss this great opportunity. If they do not catch up quickly, others will take advantage as the battle for skilled workers is fierce in the mobile areas. The needs are in mobile phones and tablets and the next battle will be fought in cloud computing and Big Data. With the battlefields seeming to multiply each year the need for more skilled workers is intensified and it puts a lot of pressures for both schools and students to update the training programs and get the skills needed. Not long ago, India controls the IT $100 Billion dollars outsourcing market but the battle is changing quickly and currently no country can claim the $175 billion dollars mobile market yet and the next $400 billion dollars cloud computing and big data is still waiting for the winner.\u201d<\/p>\n

As Google, Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon are battle for market domination but it seems the winning strategy is not on technology but who has the most skilled workers will win. To map a course for their companies to prepare for the next battle, all of these companies are quickly expanding their territory into new countries, new markets as they are hiring more workers every day. A Wall street analyst explains: \u201cWithout soldiers, generals cannot fight battle and that is why they are desperate to get more soldiers to prepare for the next battle. All companies are expanding their recruits in many countries as they are hiring any skilled software workers they can find. The issue remains: Where can they find skilled workers?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":642,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions\/642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}