C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1g ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ea1y Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tin nh\u1eafn, emails, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thay v\u00ec \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nghe c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u201ct\u00e2m th\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 \u201ckhu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc\u201d m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00fang\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201ct\u00e2m th\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c cho m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 sau gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb hoang mang cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho n\u00ean khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, hay h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u0103m d\u00f2 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00eam n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. H\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c\u201d sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d qua truy h\u1ecfi, th\u0103m d\u00f2, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh, n\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ng\u1eafn cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp\u201d b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi ai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc (g\u1ecdi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1ed7i l\u00fac). Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00f4n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tranh c\u00e3i tr\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quen th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The benefits of Active Learning<\/p>\n
There are several discussions about the traditional teaching method and active learning method. In my opinion, each method has advantages and disadvantages. There is NO perfect method so the decision to select which method to teach is depending mostly on the teachers. The Active learning method is more useful in teaching Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) than the traditional and that is why I choose this method.<\/p>\n
Today, students are very active and easy to get distracted. They cannot sit still in class and listen to a long lecture without checking text messages, emails, and other social media. If we want to encourage them to learn then we need to keep them busy and motivate them so that they see the value of putting in the effort to learn something rather than forcing them to sit and listen to something that they are not interested in.<\/p>\n
Traditional lecturing does not allow students to develop into critical thinkers. It makes them be the receivers of knowledge from authoritarian teachers. If we want students to actively analyze the materials and come up with their own independent knowledge then we need to use active learning method. Students need to know that they need to develop different skills such as teamwork, collaboration, critical thinking, and problem-solving in order to succeed in their future. To ensure that students will be able to develop these skills, we need to encourage them to ask questions, challenge theories, discover new ideas, discuss opinions which are not encouraged in the traditional method.<\/p>\n
The traditional\u00a0method encourages a \u201cfixed mindset\u201d. What the teachers teach is the \u201cGolden rule\u201d that students must obey. What they read from class materials is always \u201cRight\u201d and there is no other way. Active learning encourages independent thinking and allows students to investigate a theory, ask more questions,\u00a0 think independently, and develop a \u201cgrowth mindset.\u201d For example in math, there is more than one way to solve a problem and there is always an alternative to a solution. Without the ability to think broadly, students may not be able to go further in their learning.<\/p>\n
The active learning method emphasizes pre-class assignments and post-class homework to ensure that class time can be used more efficiently to discuss, ask questions, and explore the concepts at a deeper level. However, if the students are unprepared or not ready to learn, they will be confused so it is important for the teacher to explain the concept to them before starting this method.<\/p>\n
Active learning focuses on encouraging students to learn the materials on their own as they must be active in their learning process. The pre-class work let the students develop the fundamental understanding of the concepts so when they come to class, they can learn the concepts at a deeper level through the class discussions, or asking questions, listen to the answers and continue to explore the concept further by the process of applying, analyzing, and developing knowledge during class time. Students work through the foundational material prior to class so the time spent in class with their friends and the teacher becomes more valuable as they explore higher levels of critical thinking and analysis.<\/p>\n
By switching the traditional environment of lecturing where the teachers \u201ctransfer the knowledge\u201d to an active learning environment where students \u201cdevelop their own knowledge\u201d via inquiring, exploring, and analyzing the teacher create a new environment that engages students, enhances learning in an exciting classroom atmosphere.<\/p>\n
Of course, teachers need to make your expectations clear so students understand what they must do. It is important for the teachers to clarify exactly what the expectations are. For example, if you assign a short article for your students to \u201cread before class\u201d you need to tell them what information will be used during class discussion and who do you will call to talk about the reading assignment (Randomly or specifically identify a few students each time) What details are important and maybe in the quiz? Do you want them to be able to answer review questions at the end of the chapter to prepare for a class discussion? Do you want them to be able to compare two points of view from the chapter as part of an in-class debate?<\/p>\n
I have been using Active learning for many years and found it very useful. Most students told me that in the beginning, they do not like it because they get used to being passive rather than active but over time, most learn well and did well in their learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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