{"id":6128,"date":"2018-11-28T21:04:49","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T14:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=6128"},"modified":"2018-11-28T21:04:49","modified_gmt":"2018-11-28T14:04:49","slug":"thi-truong-viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=6128","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. L\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edf tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang hay MOOCs) b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Stanford, MIT, Harvard v.v. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 2018 t\u1edbi 2025:<\/p>\n

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  1. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh $118,000 (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2017.) M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi trong Python, Java v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng trong th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Coursera, edX, Udemy c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Microsoft, Google, Amazon.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh $115,000 (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2017). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 n\u00e0y theo t\u1edd Harvard Business Review v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti, d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129) v\u00e0 K\u0129 s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (m\u1ee9c c\u1eed nh\u00e2n). \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi trong Python, Java, Th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y n\u00f3, t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Coursera, edX, v\u00e0 Udemy \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
    2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi trong robotics v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 $112,000 \u00a0(D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2017). \u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi trong C++, Linux, v\u00e0 C. C\u00e1c em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i m\u00f4n trong Nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n v\u00e0o Robotics, T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb edX, Coursera.<\/li>\n
    3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n di \u0111\u1ed9ng lad qu\u00e3ng $98,000 (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2017). N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n app di \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t trong Java, C++, Swift, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Android hayr iOS (Apple). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 app di \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Apple, Google v\u00e0 MOOCs.<\/li>\n
    4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $95,000 (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2017). \u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam (Java, C++ v.v.) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u00ea h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb Udemy, Coursera, v\u00e0 edX.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t. Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, qu\u00e3ng 82% h\u1ecdc sinh ghi danh trong MOOCs r\u1eddi b\u1ecf sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc. (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00e1c em s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1c em s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc? C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng?)<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c em ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong MOOCs, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u0103m nay, khi sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi l\u1edbp H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u1edf Carnegie Mellon. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      —English version—<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      The Job Market<\/p>\n

      The software industry is constantly changing and accelerating, there are many high-paying jobs but NOT enough workers. As students, you need to read more about these job market trends to explore opportunities then select the relevant courses to develop proper skills. Since many \u201cHot Jobs\u201d are new and not available in universities, but they are being taught online (Massive Online Open Courses or MOOCs) by professors from Top schools such as Stanford, MIT, Harvard etc. If you are willing to put in some efforts to learn them, you will have the skills that are in high demand. According to the U.S. government\u2019s industry report, the following are the best jobs between 2018 to 2025:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Machine Learning Specialist: One of the highest paid jobs with an average salary of $118,000 (2017 Data.) All top companies from Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon are looking for a machine learning specialist to support their\u00a0 product innovations. If you want to become a machine learning specialist, I need to have good programming skills in Python, Java and a strong foundation in statistics and math. There are several excellent online courses in this field from Coursera, edX, Udemy as well as courses from Microsoft, Google, Amazon.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Data Specialist: One of the highest paying jobs with an average salary of $115,000 (2017 Data). This is the most exciting jobs of this decade according to Harvard Business Review and it has the highest demand across the industry. All companies, large and small, need Data Scientist (Ph.D. level) Data Analyst (MS level) and Data Engineer (BS level). To work in this field, you need strong programming skills in Python, Java, Statistics, and basic knowledge of the business. Since it is a relatively new, not many schools are teaching it, I recommend that you take online courses from Coursera, edX, and Udemy to develop the needed skills and get a job in this very high demand field.<\/li>\n
        2. Embedded Software Developer: This is a very specialized job needed in robotics and manufacturing automation areas. The average salary is $112,000 \u00a0(2017 Data). \u00a0To work in this area, you need to have strong programming skills in C++, Linux, and C. You also need to take a few courses in Introduction to Robotics, Automation, and Microcontroller available online from edX, Coursera.<\/li>\n
        3. Mobile Application Developer: The average salary of a Mobile developer is around $98,000 (2017 Data). If you want to become a Mobile App Developer, you can to have good programming skills in Java, C++, Swift, and have knowledge of Android or iOS (Apple). There are many mobile app courses available from Apple, Google and MOOCs.<\/li>\n
        4. Graphics\/Design\/Programmer: This is one of the interesting jobs in the technology industry because it requires a lot of creativity and artistic skills in combination with programming skills. The average salary of a Graphics Programmer is around $95,000 (2017 Data). A majority of people who work in this area are Art students who have the graphics skills and take additional programming courses (Java, C++ etc.) to be Graphic artists. Most computer games companies are hiring them for the design of their games. There are several online courses available from Udemy, Coursera, and edX.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Learning independently from Online courses is NOT easy, even for the most motivated students. According to several studies, about 82% of students who enrolled in MOOCs quit after a few weeks. However, if you are willing to do that, you will need to set your learning goals and knowing exactly what you want to do with the learned skills. (i.e., how much time you are willing to put in your efforts every day. How much time you are willing to do the homework to develop the skills. What will happen if you do not? Do you have enough time to spend on the efforts?)<\/p>\n

          You need to understand that as self-learners, you are responsible for your own time and efforts. To be successful in MOOCs, you must be able to do a self-evaluation of your learning and monitor your own progress. This year, as new first-year students are coming to my Machine learning class, several of them already took online courses to prepare for the rigorous study at Carnegie Mellon. They told me that they are prepared and readied to learn more and be successful.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6129,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6128\/revisions\/6129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}