M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp? C\u00e1i g\u00ec sai v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng? C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4n v\u0103n hay m\u00f4n s\u1eed. Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc hay v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v.v. Sau r\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn\u00a0\u00a0 l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng hay xem \u0111o\u1ea1n video ng\u1eafn TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI l\u00ean l\u1edbp. L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh ra qu\u00e3ng 10 ph\u00fat cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hay xem video \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Qu\u00e3ng 5 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho bu\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1edbp sau.<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y qu\u00e3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc sinh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh tin b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m. T\u00f4i nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c nhau trong l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nhanh khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c. H\u1ecdc sinh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ch\u00e1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111i nhanh, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00f4i quay video b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong l\u1edbp tr\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u1ea1i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tu\u1ef3 \u00fd h\u1ecd. Trong l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, th\u0103m d\u00f2, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc theo nh\u1ecbp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem video hay \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhau. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v.v.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh k\u00e9m k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eafn h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Active teaching<\/p>\n
A teacher wrote to me: \u201cWhy students need to read the materials before going to class? What is wrong with lecturing? Is there evidence that active learning better than lecturing? How does it work in literature or history courses Please explain.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: I teach science and technology and have been using active learning method for many years. It works well for me and my students. I do NOT know how this method can be applied to other subjects such as history, sociology or literature etc. After all, as the teachers, we select which method is best for our students and it is our choice.<\/p>\n
In my class, I ask students to read the assigned materials or watch a short video BEFORE coming to class. At the beginning of each class, I spend about 10 minutes on a short quiz to make sure students do read the materials or watch a video so they are prepared to participate in the class discussion. About 5 minutes before the end of the class, I also ask them to fill out few short questions on how well they have learned on that class and identify things that they do not understand well or are still confused, to help me prepare for the next class.<\/p>\n
When I began teaching about twenty-five years ago,\u00a0 I prepared my lecture carefully then found that I was only lecturing to a small number of students. Some students believed the lecture was difficult to understand when others found it was too easy to keep them interested. I learned quickly that the lecturing method was ineffective because there were different levels of students in the class. Some learned fast when others learned much slower. Some had a good foundation when others did not as students learned things differently. However, in a traditional classroom, most teachers continue to treat all students at the same level. Advanced students want the teachers to move faster because they already know the materials, if the lecture is slow they get bored. Other students want the teachers to move slower because they need more time to learn, if the lecture is fast, they get confused. In every class, some students learned well when other fell behind and not learned much. In that case, many may not develop the needed skills to succeed in the job market. When students do not learn well, some lose their confidence and even quit school.<\/p>\n
I asked myself, how do I set the same level for all students? I began to experiment with the active learning method. I videotaped my lecture in an empty classroom using the same materials that I used to lecture and posted them online. Students can watch it, if needed, they can rewind it, and watch it again until they learn the materials well. Some students may watch it once but others may watch it many times as they wish. In class, I give a short lecture to summarize important concepts and use the class time for students to discuss, explore, solve problems so they can learn things at a deeper level. By have less time to lecture, I can ask questions to help students to learn more and know how well they are learning based on their answers. Before class, students can learn at their own pace by watching the videos or reading the materials based on their own. By the time they all come to class, most already know something so their level is more compatible with each other. In that case, I only need to answer questions, facilitate discussions, explore new concepts, and let students solving problems etc.<\/p>\n
By using the Active learning method, students learn at their own speed according to their way of studying and responsible for their own learning. Since adopting this method, I saw a significant change in my students\u2019 learning. Not only they learn much more than before, but they were able to reflect on their own learning process. Even lesser skilled students were advancing and caught up quickly to advanced students. Many of them were gaining confidence, and no longer feel stressed before the weekly quizzes. The best thing was not only they learned well in my class but also in other courses as they were developing a better way of learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp? C\u00e1i g\u00ec sai v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng? … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6124,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6123\/revisions\/6124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}