C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong robotics s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai phi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Guy Michaels, t\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh t\u1ebf London. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb 17 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n robotic c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong 14 n\u0103m qua (t\u1eeb 1993 t\u1edbi 2017). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c gia (GNP) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 0.37 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong khi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 0.36 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Trong 17 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, \u0110\u1ee9c, Italy, v\u00e0 \u0110an M\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n chuy\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng chuy\u1ec3n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u robots h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c robots c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n robots y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. Theo S\u1edf th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u0129 (2017), k\u0129 s\u01b0 Robotics, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf robots, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa $120,000 t\u1edbi $180,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa $65,000 t\u1edai $95,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 \u2013 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c.)<\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. Qua th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xe ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m xe ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xe ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00ec robots s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 huynh c\u1ee7a con nh\u1ecf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch h\u01a1n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 con nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc. (L\u1eddi m\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Khi con t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mua nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u00e0, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c con t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.)<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a robots, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c robots s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00e9o t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 robots kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Robots and future jobs<\/p>\n
There are many opinions about the dangers of Artificial Intelligence and automation which raise a lot of fear about technologies can take over human\u2019s jobs and control the world. Many economists predict that the advances in robotics will lead to a new era of impersonal society and jobless future.<\/p>\n
However, there is a different view based on the study by Professor Guy Michaels, from the London School of Economics He collected data from 17 different countries, looking at the implementation of industrial robotics over the past 14 years (From 1993 to 2017). The results show that job opportunities and wages were increasing for all workers, and the Gross National Product (GNP) of these countries increased by 0.37 percent while labor productivity increased by 0.36 percent. Out of the 17 countries studied, Germany, Italy, and Denmark saw the greatest increases.<\/p>\n
Of course, robots can do better than humans in manual labor works. They do not get tired, they do not gossip or demand wage increases, and they can do a lot of heavy lifting without getting an injury. With more robots, companies can produce more products, which in turn leads to increased profits. However, robots need to be built, and the design and develop robots require a lot of workers, especially skilled technical people, and these people often make a lot of money. According to the U.S. Labor Statistics (2017), Robotics engineers, who design robots, can make between $120,000 to $180,000 per year. Workers in the factory that make robots can earn between $65,000 to $95,000 per year and they do not even need a college education (Most attend vocational school \u2013 Data from Germany.)<\/p>\n
History has shown us that whenever new technology was created, disruption happened, many people were panic and fear of new thing. Over time, most people accepted and learned to live with it and the results were often better than expected. The creation of automobile technology is an example. People who operated horse carriage were panic and afraid that they could lose their job. The result was different as more automobile factories were established, workers who worked in assembly lines were making much more than their horse carriage job. There was one issue: As horse carriage operator, they do not need any education but to work in automobile assembly factory, workers must go back to school to learn how to read and write so they can operate machines accordingly.<\/p>\n
In this technology-driven world, to survive, everybody must go to school to learn new skills. Manual jobs will disappear soon as robots will take over, that is a fact. Other jobs will also be gone too but as long as people can adjust, and learn new skills, they should not be afraid of changes. If you are high school students, my recommendation is to learn to program because no matter what job that you do in the future, you need to know how to code. It is the new skills that all future jobs will require. If you are going to college, you may want to select your fields of study in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) because most future jobs will be in these fields. If you are parents of young children, you may want to spend time with them to encourage them to read more books as reading is the fundamental of the knowledge society. You should have a lot of books at home on various topics and let your young children select whatever they like to read. (My tip: When my children were young, I bought a lot of science and computer books at home, somehow my children all grow up to be computer scientists.)<\/p>\n
There are many theories about the future as some people speculate about the economic impact of robots, and it is possible that robots could displace all human jobs, not the lower-skilled jobs but also higher levels jobs. Whether this view is correct or not nobody knows. But as long as we are learning and adjusting to whatever changes that come, we are always a few steps ahead. Personally, as someone who works closely with advanced technologies, I do not think robots can ever get smarter than human.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6102,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6101\/revisions\/6102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}