\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh m\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng? Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngay khi h\u1ecd mua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh l\u00e0m sao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh l\u00e0m sao trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi sinh l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cL\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n
Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 (2017) k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00e0o qu\u00e3ng 38% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, tr\u00ean 75% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (2017) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i (2017) ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cCh\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2025,\u201d ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cNh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd trong 30 n\u0103m qua gi\u1edd l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra \u201cPh\u00e9p m\u00e0u kinh t\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cgiai c\u1ea5p trung l\u01b0u\u201d v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. 30 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng 30 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u201d<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cCh\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi 2025\u201d, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cC\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i qua th\u1eddi gian, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi 20 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM (khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ecdi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc STEM cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2020 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 2025 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.)<\/p>\n
Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 30 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c robots v\u00e0 t\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3 nhanh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. V\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong STEM, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The Future Workforce<\/p>\n
What happens when you buy a new smartphone and find out that within ten months there will be a newer smartphone available in the store? Today consumers around the world know that as soon as they buy a new electronic device, it will quickly be obsoleted. That is how fast technology evolves and grows in this technology-driven world. Companies are always developing newer products to remain competitive, and that means they need more technical workers working for them to meet their demand to grow fast and achieve a higher profitability. An economist declared: \u201cTechnical workforce is the fuel for economic prosperity.\u201d<\/p>\n
According to the U.S. Government report (2017) coding skills are now taught in some high schools and about 38% of high school graduates have coding skills. It is predicted by 2025, over 75% of U.S. high school graduates will have coding skills. The European government report (2017) also pointed out that the UK and Germany had the highest number of high school students with coding skills as compared to other European nations but did not go to the specific percentage. These reports help back-up the view that high schools need to teach computer programming to help meet the need of their future economy.<\/p>\n
Last December (2017) The Chinese government issued a new policy requiring all high schools to teach computer programming. As part of the policy called \u201cMade in China by 2025,\u201d the government is investing several billion dollars to both universities and high schools to make sure they will have been a strong technical workforce to compete with others. Their government realizes that the \u201cManufacturer to the world\u201d model that helped them in the past 30 years is now obsolete. The low-cost assembly factories that create the \u201cEconomic miracle\u201d have kept millions of workers living in poverty as their economy was depending on other countries. In order to build a \u201cmiddle-class\u201d and prosperous economy, they need to have their people make much higher wages and improve their standard of living. That means they need to have a better education system to promote higher productivity, and stronger technological capacity to move up and compete. A government official said: \u201cIn the next ten years, you will see how fast we can grow. The past 30 years helped us to survive but the next 30 years will help us to become a superpower in all aspects of technology.\u201d<\/p>\n
When I review the \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d policy, I found that it is almost the same as Germany\u2019s \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d policy for technology development. The only difference is the speed and ambition of the plan and the amount of money that they invest in their education system. When Germany\u2019s plan takes a careful and steady approach over time, China\u2019s plan is more aggressive and much faster with 20 major technology labs in their top universities across the country. A major STEM education (science, technology, engineering, and math) is being prioritized countrywide. All high school teachers are trained to teach STEM subjects to all levels to produce millions of talents within a short time. (Before 2020 so by 2025 they will have a lot of college graduates in technology fields.)<\/p>\n
When I ask my Chinese colleagues about the aggressive plan whether it is possible or not, a professor explained: \u201cWith the major investment in education, everything is possible. If you look carefully, you can see that 30 years ago, we were using mostly manual labors and bicycle for transportation but today you can see robots and fast train that connect cities everywhere. As we are investing in technical education, most of our students are trained in STEM, we will build a new era, a new future that surpasses every other. Today, education is our highest priority as everything in the future starts with having a large technical workforce.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6099"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6099\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6100,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6099\/revisions\/6100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}