M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u00e1p: \u201cT\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m hay c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n tin. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng chia l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5, m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 qu\u00e3ng ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m h\u1ecdc sinh. Sau khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn theo t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Em c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kia? B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a em l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u00fap em r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a em?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Sau khi cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0, C\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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Critical Thinking<\/p>\n
A teacher wrote to me: \u201cI know that critical thinking is an important skill that students need but how do I teach this skill? Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Answer: \u201cCritical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. It includes the ability to think deeply and independently. The best way to teach critical thinking is to have a class discussion where the teacher raises controversial questions and have students discuss among themselves and try to answer. I often divide the class into several teams, each team is about three to five students. After one team gives the answer, I challenge other teams to counter their answer with their own view.<\/p>\n
To facilitate the critical thinking discussion, the teacher\u00a0must ask challenging questions that demand students to think deeply and analyze them carefully, before answering. For example: \u201cWhat is your view of this event? What are your reasons for favoring this over that? What is your evidence? Is there another facts or data? What are the implications of each view? What additional information would help you to draw a conclusion based on your analyses?<\/p>\n
These are just a few examples of the kinds of questions that require the students to think critically. After giving an answer, students must describe how they come up with the answer (i.e., How they analyze the question, how do they get additional data and evidence and how they discuss among team members). By letting other teams to challenge them, they get better feedback on their answer and either correct or refine their thinking accordingly.<\/p>\n
In my experience, class discussion and debate are the best ways to teach critical thinking. I am sure there are other effective methods. All of these methods can challenge students\u2019 curiosity, stimulate their thinking, and help them to analyze and justify their answer with facts, data, and evidence.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6034"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6035,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6034\/revisions\/6035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}