Ng\u00e0y nay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh qui c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 huynh h\u1ecfi \u201cT\u1ea1i sao d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh khi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7?\u201d S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc Jean Piaget \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.\u201d Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ghi danh v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 MOOCs, YouTube, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c websites chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m. H\u1ecdc sinh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb 4 t\u1edbi 12 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n
Scratch l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a MIT. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. Scratch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp s\u1eb5n hay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi. Scratch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet. Tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Scratch.<\/p>\n
Blockly l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Google ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Scratch b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e0i v\u00e0o nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e3 trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 JavaScript, Python, v\u00e0 PHP. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, sau khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 Scratch, tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e3 d\u1ecdc theo c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh khi ch\u00fang m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Alice l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Carnegie Mellon ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh 3-D \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 C++. N\u00f3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hay ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng camera, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 3D, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 3D v\u00e0 robotics.<\/p>\n
Swift l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Apple ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c app cho iOS. Swift Playgrounds l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean iPad \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong Swift. app n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean Byte trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 3D. Swift Playgrounds kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng giao di\u1ec7n kh\u1ed1i c\u00e0i v\u00e0o nhau, nh\u01b0ng sau khi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi Swift Playgrounds, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c app di \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Swift.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00e2ng cao t\u01b0 duy t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n khi ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u01b0 duy t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian sau v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc logic n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Programming Languages for children<\/p>\n
Today programming is becoming an important skill just like reading and writing and it is being taught in many elementary and high schools as part of their regular school curriculum. Some parents ask \u201cWhy teaching programming when students may not work in the technology industry?\u201d The fact is in the future, regardless of where they work, everything they do will require programming skill. Having this skill will open them up to a world of endless possibilities and better jobs. Many years ago, psychologist Jean Piaget defined the goal of education as \u201cto create individuals who are capable of doing new things, not simply of repeating what other generations have done\u201d. In today\u2019s technology-driven market, young people need to learn the skills that help them to do new things, not follow what has been taught in the past.<\/p>\n
Not long ago, students have to enroll in a computer science program to learn how to code. Now there are resources available online such as MOOCs, YouTube, and specific tutorial websites. Students do not even have to pay to learn. If they put in the efforts and master programming skills, they will be much better in the future than the one who does not. For young children from 4 to 12 years old, I recommend the following programming languages:<\/p>\n
Scratch is a programming language developed by MIT’s Lifelong Kindergarten Lab. If you want to teach children to program, this is the best language to start. It is very easy to learn and include tutorials and instructions for parents. Scratch can be used to make real animations and games using either prepopulated images and characters or by uploading new ones. Scratch can also be used without an internet connection. Children can share their creations on Scratch’s online community.<\/p>\n
Blockly is a programming language developed by Google. It is basically a refinement of Scratch using the same interlocking building blocks, but it can output code in several different programming languages such as JavaScript, Python, and PHP. This can be a transition activity, after mastering Scratch, children can learn other languages. They can see the code along the side of the screen as they link blocks together, and they can switch languages to see the difference in language syntax for the same basic program.<\/p>\n
Alice is a programming language developed by Carnegie Mellon as a 3-D programming tool to teach the concepts of object-oriented programming languages like C++. It uses the familiar approach of building blocks to allow children to create games or animations by programming camera motions, 3D models, and scenes. This language will open children to many things such as 3D graphics and robotics.<\/p>\n
Swift is a programming language developed by Apple to build iOS apps. Swift Playgrounds is an iPad game designed to teach children how to program in Swift. The app contains a lot of tutorials on different commands that are designed to move a character named Byte along a 3D world. Swift Playgrounds does not use the interlocking block interface, but after children are good in Swift Playgrounds, they can start developing in Swift for mobile apps.<\/p>\n
By teaching children to write code early, you are enhancing their computational thinking which makes them easy to learn complex problem-solving and developing the critical thinking needed when they go to college. Computational thinking is the ability to express the thoughts in a rational and sequenced way. It is the foundation of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning and many future technologies. Without developing this skill early, some students may have a problem in acquiring this skill at a later time because it requires a certain logical step by step in approaching solving problems.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-phu-huynh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6026"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6027,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6026\/revisions\/6027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}