Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n lan r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng cho n\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thi\u1ebfu. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u1eeb Trung \u00c2u sang Nam M\u0129.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ravi, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a anh ta h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc laptops v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111en, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 10 t\u1edbi 20 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Ravi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cSau khi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng Aakash (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng r\u1ebb gi\u00e1 $60 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) cho h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi Ravi t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u00f4i \u1edf Carnegie Mellon, anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\u201d T\u00f4i ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ravi t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u00f4i, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y anh \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Anh \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u app di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 app d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y g\u00ec s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1eefng app di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p khi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong l\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1edbi t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. L\u00e0 con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o trang tr\u1ea1i, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 sau khi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u0111ang d\u1eabn l\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c app di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb Co-op n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec qua l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n trung gian. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng app di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tin t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1, th\u1ea7u v.v. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng apps di \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng apps gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd khi th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u app di \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
Ravi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c: \u201cD\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Anh \u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i xem \u0111o\u1ea1n video tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m xe m\u00e1y mang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng: \u201cC\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 anh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mini-Amazon \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ravi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cKhi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh trong l\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Internet v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1ea3o, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Improvement in the rural areas<\/p>\n
Today, more people are living in cities than in rural areas. Every day, more people from rural areas are moving to cities to find works. As cities are growing, the rural areas are being left behind and poverty is spreading rapidly. Many rural areas are based on agriculture where young people have to help their family on the field so their education is often inadequate or even lacking. This situation happens in every country, from Africa to Asia, from Central Europe to South America.<\/p>\n
A few years ago when teaching in India, Ravi, a Computer professor, took me to visit some classrooms led by his students to teach programming to young people in small rural villages. In a room with only a few laptops and a blackboard, I could see many young people age 10s to 20s worked very hard. To them, having programming skills was the only hope to get out of poverty. Ravi explained: \u201cAfter having the skill, many can go to cities to find work. Some send money home to help their parents. It may not be much, but it is a beginning\u201d.<\/p>\n
Later, I read from newspapers that the India government began to issue Aakash tablets (i.e., A cheap tablet cost $60 and built in India) to young students in rural areas as a part of their education improvement. When Ravi came to visit me at Carnegie Mellon, he said: \u201cTablets can help educate more students in remote villages about technology soon it will help improve the standard of living there.\u201d I was skeptical but my friend was positive: \u201cThere are over a billion people living in India, it may take a long time to change but we are looking forward to a better future with technology.\u201d<\/p>\n
Last month Ravi came to see me, this time he explained how Information technology has transformed the lives of people in rural villages. He showed me several mobile apps developed by his students. Some use artificial intelligence to predict the price of crops in the future market so farmers can begin to grow crops that will give them the best prices. He said: \u201cThese mobile apps were developed by my students, many of them were the same young people that you saw learning to program in a village many years ago. Coming from the rural area, they know the problems that their parents were facing so they are solving them using technology. As sons and daughters of farmers and fisherman, their heart belongs to their farm, their rivers, their land and after having education, they are driving the change themselves instead of relying on help from others. When farmers have more information about market prices, they can get the best prices for their crops without having to go through the middle person. Some farmers are now organizing themselves into a cooperation group and using mobile apps to sell products online. People in cities can buy directly from the Co-op instead through a middleman. There are mobile apps that give them access to market news, weather, price quotes, bids etc.. There are mobile apps providing information on pest control, chemical uses, fertilizers, and specific product use rates. There are apps that allow farmers to monitor their field conditions and irrigation activity using drones and control from smartphones. I was shocked to see so many useful mobile apps that his students created.<\/p>\n
Ravi continued: \u201cUsing technology, these young people are creating more jobs by having their own village people to deliver products to buyers in cities. He showed me a video on his smartphone of a hundred motorcycles carrying fresh products from villages to cities and deliver directly to customers. I was delighted: \u201cIt looks like you have a mini-Amazon here.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ravi concluded: \u201cAs more students in rural villages have access to the Internet and learning from the virtual classroom, they begin to keep up with students in cities. Many farmers now believe that technology is the future so they let their children go back to school instead of working in the field. It begins to change and soon these young people could be a major force to transform their own villages.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u1ea1i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6016"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6017,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6016\/revisions\/6017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}