Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt trong l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ch\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d (Active Learning).<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC khi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nghe th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp v\u00ec s\u1ee3 n\u00f3i sai v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ecdc g\u00ec th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i thi. Do \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean CH\u1ec8 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 trong l\u1edbp. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m TOEFL t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. V\u00ec Carnegie Mellon r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u201cth\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 KH\u00d4NG th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cEm h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi qua \u0111\u00e2y, em b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. Em th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n.\u201d T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m trang s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 anh ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Anh ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cSao th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u em vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ?\u201d T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng anh ta l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khi ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00ec em \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch.\u201d<\/p>\n
L\u00ed do nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cnghe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctrao tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i\u201d nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean: \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y. C\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c em. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qua ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d m\u00e0 chi l\u00e0 \u201cGhi nh\u1edb\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c em, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ng\u1eabm, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng tham gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i im th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng” hay \u201cy\u1ebfu\u201d. Sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp b\u1ecb c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c coi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc.\u201d V\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a th\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng coi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m” ho\u1eb7c”kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9” do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hay kh\u00f4ng qua n\u1ed5i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 ch\u00e2u t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i quen c\u0169 t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKhi em c\u00f2n \u1edf ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu em n\u00f3i g\u00ec trong l\u1edbp em b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean em h\u1ecdc th\u00f3i quen ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i im \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u00e0 th\u00f4i .\u201d Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i: \u201cNgay trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu em n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o mu\u1ed1n, em b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m cho n\u00ean em kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a em n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho 20% \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd tham gia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang hay sai m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i sai trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u th\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau ra \u0111\u00e2y: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh” Sinh vi\u00ean T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sinh vi\u00ean M\u0129, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. \u0110a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp d\u00f9 h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi sinh m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t. Phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh lo li\u1ec7u cho n\u00ean em v\u00f9i m\u00ecnh trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quanh h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng sau khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Study overseas part 3<\/p>\n
For many centuries, Asian students are taught to be passive and follow a strict discipline in class so many find it difficult to adopt the new active learning method. That is why many students do NOT read anything BEFORE class as they want to be told rather than actively learning by themselves. Many students would NOT volunteer to discuss anything in class for afraid of saying something wrong and be laughed at. Many students may NOT read anything beyond the assignments to make sure that they will pass the exam. Many students may NOT go into any subject deeply or \u201cinternalize\u201d their knowledge but only memorize some facts to meet school\u2019s requirements. Many students ONLY do what is necessary to obtain a degree rather than develop their own knowledge and skills. This attitude has significant negative consequences.<\/p>\n
I noticed this issue in the past several years with numbers of Asian students in my classes. Most of them were good students who came from top schools with best grades but often struggled to follow class instructions and could not compete with other students. Many professors believed it was due to their English deficiency and suggested that they took extra English classes but I disagreed as they all had good TOEFL scores and had no problem in reading and writing. Since admission to Carnegie Mellon is very selective, if they qualified to meet the strict standard then it must be something else. By having several discussions with them, I found that it was their attitudes and study habit that preventing them from reaching their potential. The fact is that they have NOT been able to adopt the learning methods often taught at U.S University and it hurts them both academically and professionally.<\/p>\n
A student told me: \u201cI have studied much harder than when I was in my college. I did not even have enough sleep but I still could not do well in your weekly test.\u201d I found that he had memorized the whole chapter in the text book over hundred pages but could not answer questions in the test. The reason was I did not ask about facts but wanted them to solve problems by applying their knowledge. He complained: \u201cWhy don\u2019t you ask me to write some sentences in the text book or certain definitions since I have memorized them all?\u201d It took me awhile to realize that he was a victim of the traditional education when memorization is encouraged. Another student complained: \u201cYour test questions did not even came from the textbook since I know them all.\u201d<\/p>\n
The reason many of them are having problems because they continue to use the same learning method that they had used in high school or college such as passively listening to what teachers said but not put in any effort to \u201cinternalize\u201d it. Their view of learning is about receiving information and giving it back without understood that it must be reconstructed from their own understanding. They often associate learning with memorization and knowing all the facts from textbooks. This archaic learning method will not work in today\u2019s environment and will negatively affect their future.<\/p>\n
In western schools, a student who does not want to talk much and not participate in class activities is considered \u201cWeak\u201d. A student who hesitates to express his view in front of the class is viewed by both teachers and other students as \u201cDull and unwilling to learn.\u201d Since most teachers prefer active students to make the class discussion livelier, they often ignore the passive ones and never call on them to discuss anything. This misconception often has significant negative on students\u2019 performance and the final grade. It also being viewed very negatively during job interview by hiring managers as quiet people is considered \u201cIncompetent\u201d. Last year a hiring manager asked: \u201cHow come some graduates cannot say anything positively during the job interview? They only answer questions but never ask anything?<\/p>\n
Of course, as Asian I know their problems very well because over forty years ago, I had the same problems. From the outside, Asian students seem to be passive but their minds are very active. They work hard and always thinking but it is the old habit from the archaic learning method that preventing them from being active. A student told me: \u201cWhen I was young, if I said something in class I was punished for class disruption so I learned to be quiet.\u201d Another student explained: \u201cIn my college, if I said something different from what the teacher wanted, I got bad grade so I learned not express my own opinion anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n
To encourage these students to engage in active learning, in the first day of the class I always explain the differences between the two methods. I clearly explain to them why it is important to participate in class actively to build good habit and develop soft-skills. I change the grading system by giving 20% of the grade to class participants to encourage them to engage more in class. I also explain that there is no right or wrong answer but only different opinions so they do not have to worry about saying something wrong during class discussion. Of course, it is not easy for them to change as it takes time to change an old habit.<\/p>\n
There is another aspect about the maturity of students. Western students, especially American students, learn to be independent very early but many Asian students are still immature even when they go to college. Asian culture considers education highly and parents often sacrifice everything to get their children the best education possible. This custom has led to the development of children who are pampered and have their every need met by parents without have to do anything. A student told me: \u201cI have been told to study as everything will be taken care of by my family so I burry myself in books and not thinking of anything else.\u201d This attitude has led many students to the lack of awareness of what is happening in the world around them since they do not know anything but school\u2019s works. Many only know what are taught in school but seldom read about anything else outside of their curriculum. That is why so many of them are having problems when they have to face the realities of life. Many are frustrated after they get the degree but could not find jobs and many reversed their anger toward their family and their society.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt trong l\u1edbp cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6014"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6015,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions\/6015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}