L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, ghi ch\u00e9p trong khi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i r\u1ed3i v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 r\u1eddi sang l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c? Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u01a1 tay, h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o hay li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng? Hay ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tham gia v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau. (nh\u01b0, \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, emi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho th\u1ea7y t\u1ea1i sao pha Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau pha Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u?) \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1edbp \u201cvi\u1ebft ra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c em\u201d l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u201cvi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho l\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. (nh\u01b0, Bob \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cEm kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Bob kh\u00f4ng?)\u00a0 N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee3i trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat th\u00eam n\u1eefa hay l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111em t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hay b\u00e0i tr\u00ean Facebook cho l\u1edbp v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. (nh\u01b0, t\u1edd The New York Times c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o h\u00f4m nay v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e3 em n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a? C\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec?). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m. Sau khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh chia s\u1ebb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn (nh\u01b0, \u201cJames, v\u00ec Bob \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, em ngh\u0129 sao?)\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay v\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa hay nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1edbp tham gia v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m sao gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u201cnh\u00fat nh\u00e1t\u201d, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u00ean h\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd tham gia. (nh\u01b0, Jane, em l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n nghe quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a em v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.) V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i (nh\u01b0, Peter, sao em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u01a1 tay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Em c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb em \u0111i xem phim kh\u00f4ng?)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Effective Classroom techniques<\/p>\n
As teachers, how many of us have seen students hurrying come to class, take notes while the teacher lectures then hurry to leave for another class? This activity is repeating every day, throughout the school year. Many students never raise their hand, ask the question, offer their opinion, but quietly come and go and we, as teachers, have no idea how well they learn or whether they are learning anything.<\/p>\n
As teachers, what kind of class do we want to teach? Do we want to continue to lecture on what we know and hope that our knowledge will transfer to our students by osmosis? Or do we want our students to participate and actively learning and at the same time, we are learning by working with them too?<\/p>\n
Active learning is not new, it has been around for many years. The method is advocated by teachers who are looking for a more dynamic and interactive classroom than the one they experienced when they were students. There are many pieces of evidence on the benefit of this method, especially in the teaching of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) in schools around the world and many countries have adopted this method.<\/p>\n
As teachers, you do not have to switch completely to the active learning method but you can add some active learning techniques into your traditional way of lecturing to help students learning more and maintain their attention during your class.<\/p>\n
For example, during a lecture, I often ask students to generate one question based on the lecture to identify how much they have learned. (i.e., \u201cNow we have learned about the Software Lifecycle, can anybody tell me why Design phase must be done after the Requirements phase?) Sometime at the end of a short lecture, I would ask the class to \u201cwrite any question that happens on their mind\u201d on a piece of paper then collect and read a few of their\u201cwriting\u201d to the class to start a discussion. (i.e., Bob wrote: \u201cI do not know the difference between validation and verification. Can anyone answer Bob\u2019s question?)\u00a0 If no one answer, I would wait for a few more minutes or repeat the question again as if I am waiting for an answer to encourage students to volunteer.<\/p>\n
Sometimes I would bring a popular newspaper article or a Facebook article to class and ask students to comment and discuss. (I.e., The New York Times has an article today about the use of Artificial Intelligence in the Finance and Stock Market. Did anyone read that? What do you think?). By asking questions or facilitate more discussions, we can help students to improve their attention and motivation, and broaden their knowledge.<\/p>\n
Class discussions allow students to consider different viewpoints on a topic. After a student shares the opinions, I often ask others to comment (i.e., \u201cJames, since Bob has expressed his view on the issue of data privacy,\u00a0 what do you think?)\u00a0 By adding these simple techniques you can let students learn from others instead of you. By listening to their answers and comments, you also understand whether they have learned something well or not.<\/p>\n
By continue to probe into a topic, you can make students think deeply than just reading about it from a textbook or listening to your lecture. Sometimes, they can discover small details that might get lost in the lecture. When students are asking questions or challenge others\u2019 answers, it drives the discussion deeper on a topic and allows the class to engage in a dynamic situation that helps everyone to fully comprehend the topic.<\/p>\n
There is issue that happens in class discussion about how to handle the students who volunteer too much, and the students who are hesitant to voice their opinion. In the case of the \u201cshy\u201d students, I would ask them by name to encourage them to participate. (i.e., Jane, you are one of the best students in this class, I like to hear your view on this question.) For the over-volunteers, I would handle it with humor (i.e., Peter, why are you always raise your hand like that? Would you do that when your girlfriend asks you to go to movies?)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, ghi ch\u00e9p trong khi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u1ea3ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5904"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5905,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5904\/revisions\/5905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}