Trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robotics, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p sang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang 2017, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Theo b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o 42 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ghi nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 k\u00ec thi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen c\u0169.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00f9ng robots v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o do tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao h\u01a1n \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang \u1edf ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u1ebd. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 robotics v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd s\u1edbm b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 khi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The dilemma of technology<\/p>\n
For forty years, China was the center for manufacturing for the world but in the past few years, its manufacturing began to slow down because of the advance in technology, especially automation and robotics, where some countries can now produce their own products at much lower costs than China. Since China\u2019s economy is dependent on manufacturing and exports products, this trend could have a devastating effect that may lead to a major economic crisis.<\/p>\n
One of the solutions the Chinese government advocates is to shift from manufacturing lower cost products to higher-value technological products to stay competitive. In January 2017, the government issued a five-year plan for education to set the new direction for all public school training to focus on science and technology. According to the plan, all public schools must adopt a new education curriculum to build a solid foundation for the future. The government also invested heavily into 42 universities to improve its quality education to be ranked \u201cworld-class\u201d and expand its technological strengths so China can compete with more technologically advanced countries .<\/p>\n
In order to implement the new training program, many public school teachers and college professors also have to go into retraining every summer so they can teach the new subjects. But the most difficult is the students \u2018 learning attitude toward this new program. For many years, students are taught to memorize many things just to pass exams and get the degree but now they have to develop deep knowledge and skills to create innovations which may take much longer, even a generation to change the old habit.<\/p>\n
However, the shift to the higher -value products is not so dramatic for college-educated students since many of them are familiar with technology. Their new program that focuses on science and technology is mostly welcomed by students and their family with the expectation that they will make more money and have a better job in the future. But a de-emphasis on manufacturing lower cost products has created a lot of resentments from labor workers who may not be able to keep their jobs. To them, technological products using robots and automation is a job killer and many of them cannot be trained due to their age and education level. An economist explains: \u201cWe know that we cannot rely on a low-cost competitive advantage and need to move to higher value manufacturing but we cannot retrain our lesser educated workers. You cannot send them back to school to learn computer when their education is only at the elementary level.\u201d<\/p>\n
With the global economy is expanding everywhere, new technology is entering the workplace at a faster pace and higher unemployment is rising fast, China now is at the crossroad where no one knows which way to turn. Advanced technologies such as robotics and automation will create new jobs, but they require specific skills that only the most educated people will have. Soon many manual labor workers will be out of work and when the high unemployment reach a level, a major economic crisis could happen.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5888"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5889,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions\/5889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}