Sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i cho qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: \u201cC\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng.\u201d Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb hoang mang v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf t\u00f4i m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 nghe, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd qu\u00ean 80% t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd qu\u00ean 60% t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ecdc, nghe v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 qu\u00ean 20% t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c em ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c RI\u00caNG c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft RI\u00caNG c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sai nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c em nghe th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c em li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ri\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, tri th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c em KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc qu\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ctri th\u1ee9c C\u1ee6A TH\u1ea6Y\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin mang m\u00e1ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c em v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c em ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C EM v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C EM. V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C EM, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG qu\u00ean n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng nghe l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc, nghe v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn khi c\u00e1c em gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri th\u1ee9c RI\u00caNG c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em th\u00ec c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 80% t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100%, tri th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em v\u00e0o b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 NHI\u1ec0U th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 TI\u00caU HO\u00c1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00e1c em. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 C\u00c1CH \u201cvi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c\u201d x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec tham gia v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3. H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f4ng, n\u1ea3y sinh trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eb9t b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m thanh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m, m\u00e1y iPod \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0o c\u00e1c em t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng n\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t nhanh tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhanh tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc, nghe, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sau. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1edbp n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching and learning<\/p>\n
First-year students often complain that I give too much reading assignments. I often use the active learning method in my courses, that means students must read BEFORE coming to class. To make sure they complete the reading, I also give a short quiz before my lecture or asking questions from the reading materials that students must answer. For students who complain that reading is not what they used to as part of their learning, I challenge them by the following activity:<\/p>\n
First, I ask them: \u201cHow do you learn? Many say: \u201cBy listening to the lecture.\u201d Then I give a short lecture and ask them questions. The result is only a few could answer but most could not and they are confused and embarrassed. Only then, I explain the learning concept:<\/p>\n
\u201cIf you only listening, you will forget 80% of the materials in the first few hours. If you read and listen, you will forget 60% of the materials in the first few hours. But if you read, listening, and participating in a class discussion on that topic, then you will only forget 20% of the materials. Why? Because by listening and organizing the materials in your mind and prepare to participate in the class discussion, you develop your OWN knowledge, your OWN understanding. It could be right and it could be wrong but as you are listening to the class discussion , you continue to refine your understanding, your own view, your own knowledge and you NEVER forget what is yours.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cWhat you have listened to my lecture is only \u201cMY knowledge\u201d, not yours. What you read and listen is only a vague information in your head as it is not organized yet. But when you think about it, organizing it to prepare for the class discussion, then it becomes YOUR view and YOUR knowledge. Because it is YOURS, you will NOT forget it. This is why learning by listening is NOT enough. Learning by reading and listening is NOT enough. You only learn by reading, listening and participating in the discussion when you keep developing and organizing your OWN knowledge then you can learn 80% of the materials. To get the 100%, of knowledge you have to apply your understanding in quizzes, tests, and homework when you have MORE time to DIGEST the materials in your mind. This is HOW \u201ctrue learning\u201d is taking place.<\/p>\n
The learning occurs best when the teaching method matches the content and the learning task. If a new concept is something to be learned, then reading and listening to explanations of the concept and prepare to discuss it is the best way to learn. If problem-solving is the skill to develop, then practicing solving problems in tests, quizzes, and homework is the best way to learn it. To learn is to understand something. But to truly understand means you can apply it, practice it. Understand without practice is NOT enough, it is only a shallow understanding, resulting in the ability to talk about it like a parrot mimics the sound. If you learn by memorizing something, you are nothing but a recording machine, an iPod to play whatever sound you download to it. To truly understand something means you can actually do it. To understand and to practice must be combined to develop your personal knowledge and skills.<\/p>\n
Of course, learning can happen in many ways, and we each have our preferences about how we learn. But our preferences should not prevent us from learning in different ways. I know some very smart people can learn well just by listening but they are a few. Other smart people can learn by reading only but they are also a few. To most of us, we learn by reading, listening, organizing, and practicing and this is what I like to teach and hope that you will agree with me that you will follow this learning approach.<\/p>\n
By explaining the teaching and learning process clearly, most students often follow this approach and I rarely have problems later. No one ever complains about too much reading or too much discussion in class anymore.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i cho qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5842"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5844,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842\/revisions\/5844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}