\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
\u201cPhong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p thu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tri th\u1ee9c qua gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc sinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong l\u1edbp. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p thu tri th\u1ee9c,\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng?\u201d T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh thay v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i L\u00c0M nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c\u201d n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i, KH\u00d4NG d\u00e0nh cho nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f3 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 n\u1eefa.\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v.v. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1eef cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u201cti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c thi cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u00e1nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00e3i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d \u00a0T\u00f4i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1edf Carnegie Mellon v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, X\u00fac c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh vi. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. X\u00fac c\u1ea3m n\u00f3i t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh vi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ba phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 Nh\u00ecn, Nghe v\u00e0 V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (Nh\u00ecn), nghe th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (Nghe) v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu n\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i nghe n\u00f3 (Nghe) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c nghe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch im l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i. H\u1ecdc sinh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf tri th\u1ee9c qua vi\u1ec7c nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghe v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o chia nh\u1ecf m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3 (V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng). H\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cKh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y; 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y, nghe v\u00e0 l\u00e0m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i theo phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cV\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd, h\u1ecdc sinh h\u0103ng h\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3: \u00a0\u201cH\u00f4m nay Google c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1edd New York Times r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y. V\u00ec h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Tensorflow, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Google. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi Google.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cB\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c sang c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t v.v. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A conversation about the new teaching approach part 2<\/p>\n
A conversation about improving the education program \u2013 continue.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u201cThe traditional learning style using lectures as the main instruction. It requires students to absorb large amounts of knowledge transmits by the professor. In the old day, that is the only way to teach but today it is different. Today students are easily distracted by many things, and they do not have the patience to sit quietly in class. Many do not have the motivation to study so we need a different approach. In the new approach, the teachers are no longer the \u201cknowledge transmitters\u201d and students are no longer \u201cThe knowledge absorbers,\u201d but teachers are the guides to help students to learn the materials by themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n
He asked: \u201cIs that the fundamental of the \u201cActive learning\u201d method? I answered: \u201cAn active learning method is an approach that promotes the developing students\u2019 skills rather than absorbing and memorizing information. It requires students to actively read, discuss, think, and do. The class consists of many activities from simple questions and answers to clarify concepts to debate on a topic so students can organize their views. Basically, it promotes students\u2019 efforts to actively develop their own knowledge and skills. In this method, students are the \u201cactive learners\u201d and actually DO those tasks to develop their skills. This method is focusing on \u201cInteractive\u201d where classes time is reserved mostly for discussions and debates, NOT listening and absorbing materials.\u201d<\/p>\n
He said: \u201cIt is difficult to change the students\u2019 learning habit. It also put a lot of efforts on the teachers too.\u201d I explained: \u201cOf course, any change is difficult in the beginning but in order for the real learning is to take place, the class must be interactive. All tasks must be designed for the interaction among students and teachers with a lot of questions and answers. The teachers monitor the discussion among students and identify how well the students are learning during their discussion, presentations, teamwork exercises, and problem-solving, etc. The teachers keep the class activity dynamic and allow students to learn deeper. By debating and challenging others, students can make a connection between the materials and the real situation where they can apply them. The new method is focusing on making learning a \u201cprogress\u201d on a daily basis instead of waiting for the end-of-the-course examination. This also avoids students cramming before the test\u201d.<\/p>\n
He argued: \u201cThat will be very difficult to do if it is not impossible.\u201d \u00a0I challenged him: \u201cYou have asked me to explain the new teaching method in details. What I have described is the approach that we have been using very successful for many years at Carnegie Mellon and other top universities. Students learn best by experiencing teaching activities that promote the three learning factors: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral. Cognitive refers to knowledge of the subject. Affective refers to attitudes of students in learning, and Behavior refers to practical application. The three learning styles are Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. Basically, students must see the teachers(Visual) listening to the teachers (Auditory) and absorb the information to understand the subject. Textbook and course materials are good for cognitive learning by providing the basic knowledge but to absorb it, they must hear it (Auditory) that is why attending class is important. However, auditory does not mean just quietly listening but also speaking, discussion and debating. Students interpret the knowledge and clarify them via listening to the teachers\u2019 lectures and other\u2019s asking questions or discussing during class. By listening and seeing, they will develop their own understanding. That is why the teachers must explain the benefits of the skill acquire on the lecture materials. Instead of an abstract concept of a subject, the teachers break down a subject into smaller tasks which is easier to explain and teach. These things form the foundation for learning but to acquire the skill, students must learn by doing it (Kinesthetic). Students learn and develop their skills by actually doing a lot of exercises. This method requires more exercises, homework, quizzes, and teamwork than others.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cOur study found that students only retain 10 percent of what they see; 20 percent of what they see and hear but 90 percent of what they see, hear, and do. Of course, this method requires both teachers and students to do more but that is the only way to improve the education system. To improve the quality of education, we need to re-train all teachers to this new teaching method. Students also must be willing to adjust to this new learning style so improvement can happen. You cannot improve the education by adding courses but using the same traditional teaching method. To teach science and technology, you need a new approach, a new vision, and a new way to motivate students to learn.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cAt the beginning of the class, the teachers explain the benefit of the task that they will teach. By knowing what will benefit them, students are eager to learn and they will study hard to develop the needed skills. For example, I told my students about an advertising I saw in the newspaper that day: \u00a0\u201cToday Google has an advertisement in the New York Times that they need workers with Machine learning skills. As we are learning about Tensorflow today, you need to know that \u00a0this is an open-source software library for dataflow programming used in machine learning applications and \u00a0it is developed and widely used in Google\u2019s products. If you can develop this skill, you will do well in the job interview with Google.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cBy making a case for the benefit that students need, they will pay more attention to the course. Their desire to learn more will help facilitate their learning attitude from dependent view to independent view. Eventually, they will develop their own responsibilities for their lives such as career planning, acquiring skills, achieving competencies, getting jobs, contributing to the society, building a family, be a professional, be a good citizen etc. That is the new educational approach that I believe is suitable for all future careers and meet the need of the fourth Industrial Revolution.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp. \u201cPhong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5840"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5841,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840\/revisions\/5841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}