Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cTri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3. K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ed3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cC\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u201d hay ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u201cc\u00e1ch l\u00e0m\u201d trong khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 “l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d do kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.\u00a0 Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u201cti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 hay tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed7 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cNg\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang t\u00ecm tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trong qui tr\u00ecnh thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00f4ng ti y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 qua nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1edbp.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n: \u201cTrong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi Google, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111ang ghi ch\u00e9p. C\u00f3 ba t\u1ed5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong hai gi\u1edd. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 r\u1ed3i \u0111i sang c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u00eam n\u1eefa n\u01a1i t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, logic c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0103n tr\u01b0a v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Sau b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p hai t\u1ed5 n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 “k\u1ebd h\u1edf k\u0129 n\u0103ng.\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1ch sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecbp d\u1ea1y. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ecbch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u00ec t\u00f4i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp thu tri th\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 “b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng” \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo k\u0129 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Knowledge and Skills<\/p>\n
Last week I had a discussion in my class about knowledge and skills. It seemed that students were still confused about these terms so I explained to them which led to further discussion about what they need to succeed in their career.<\/p>\n
I told my student: \u201cKnowledge is the theoretical acquisition or the understanding of a subject. For example, students listen to a lecture or read a book on the software lifecycle and understand them. It does not mean the student can develop software accordingly as they have not done it. Skills are the proficiencies developed through training and practice. For example, a student learns about the software lifecycle then follows the process to develop software as part of a class project The student demonstrated his skills in following the lifecycle by obtaining requirements, conduct design, implement code, and test the software.\u201d<\/p>\n
However, I added: \u201cThere is another term called \u201cabilities\u201d or the qualities of being able to do something better based on experience. There is a difference between skills and abilities. Skills are knowing\u00a0 \u201cHow to do\u201d when the ability is \u201cTo do better\u201d due to the experience of doing it many times and learn from the actual experiences.\u00a0 For example, when students pass a course, it means they meet the \u201cassessment criteria\u201d of the professor who teach the course or satisfy the standard criteria determined by the school. The students have the knowledge but may not have the skills. If the test focuses on memorization a number of facts then students can learn to pass it but do not mean they know how to do it. There are students who passed tests, even have the degrees but still do not know how to do anything. They have the knowledge but not the skills.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cToday a degree does not guarantee anything because most companies are looking for knowledge, skills, and abilities during the hiring process. During the job interview, companies require graduates to write code, demonstrate algorithms proficiency by solving problems and answer soft-skills questions. The interviews can last several hours or even days. Some of you have been through these type of interviews, maybe you can share it with the class.\u201d<\/p>\n
A student volunteered: \u201cIn the interview with Google, I had to write code on a board in front of several people who also took notes. There were three teams, all of them required me to demonstrate my coding skills and it lasted for two hours. I had a short time to rest then went to more interviews where I had to solve problems by explaining my rationale, logic, and wrote several algorithms on a board. During that time, they kept asking me to explain my solutions and why I solved the problem this way. After that, I went to lunch with several people and they also asked me questions about teamwork, issues with team members, the courses that I took and other extracurricular activities. After lunch, I had to meet two more teams who gave me several personal problems to solve. By the end of the day, I was completely exhausted but I was confident that I have the skills that they need.\u201d<\/p>\n
The class discussion also led to the issue of the \u201cskills gap.\u201d I explained: \u201cit is important to understand this issue because the way students develop knowledge, skills, and abilities can vary. Some can learn fast when others may be slower and it is important for professors to monitor students\u2019 progress and adjust the pace of the teaching. Many professors follow a rigid schedule as they want to make sure that they complete the course materials. However, my view is different as I am focused on what the students learn and their ability to apply what they have learned instead of following a schedule. If I find that issue of acquiring knowledge, I require students to read more and the weekly quiz would focus more on the theories. But if the issue is on skills, the weekly quiz would focus on the application of their knowledge. Every four weeks, I would give a test that requires them to work on short problems similar to the \u201cskilled focused quizzes\u201d so they can gain more experience and develop the ability.<\/p>\n
By following this teaching technique consistently for many years, most of my students have no problems during their job interview as they can demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and abilities to technology companies.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5786,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5785\/revisions\/5786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}