M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian em ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Em d\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Java v\u00e0 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n websites v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Microsoft Excel. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho em v\u1ec1 blog c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, em b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a em c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng? Em c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u00e1p: Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu em ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 trong Java v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Microsoft, em ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed “m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1”. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, em c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, em c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Agile, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. (C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao d\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c?)\u00a0 V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong t\u1ed5, do \u0111\u00f3, em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, do \u0111\u00f3, em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef t\u1ed1t (nh\u01b0, ti\u1ebfng Anh). L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5, em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Cho d\u00f9 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, em v\u1eabn n\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t t\u1edbi, t\u1eeb m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y sau khi h\u1ecd b\u1ea5m n\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5, em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m n\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a em t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c em c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Sau khi c\u00e1c pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, em s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a em s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e3 kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean em ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng em th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. Em c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a em \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Sau khi pha vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m trong pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Trong pha n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v.v. \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong pha ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec em s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean ai \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng em c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n
Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng chia vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 coi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed Beta. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, em c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m beta v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a em v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a em, em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
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The needed skills<\/p>\n
A student wrote to me: \u201cI graduate in Computer Science and work as a software developer, but most of the time I only write code. I spent four years in college learning Java programming and I can develop websites and works with Microsoft Excel. However, after a friend introduce me to your blog, I begin to wonder whether my education is adequate or not? What do I need to succeed? Please advise.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Answer: Coding is the fundamental skills that every software workers must have.\u00a0 However, there are other skills that you also need to succeed in a software career such as soft-skills, and lifelong learning skills. If you only know how to code in Java and using some Microsoft tools, you are only at the \u201centry level\u201d position. To advance in your software career, you need to develop additional skills.<\/p>\n
First,\u00a0you need to understand the entire software development lifecycle such as Plan-driven and Agile, not just write code. (My question is why spent four years just to write code but not something else?)\u00a0 The software lifecycle is the process that developers use to implement software concept into a finished product. Most works are done in a team, therefore, you must learn teamwork skills.<\/p>\n
All software works begin with developers understanding the customer’s requirements and document them in the software specifications. To do that you need to interview customers about their needs, therefore, you need to have strong communication skills. If customers are foreigners, you need to have good foreign language skills (i.e.,English). As a member of the team, you also need to discuss with other team members about the functional requirements and estimate how long the work will take, and how much it will cost. There will be different opinions among team members on these subjects and how to work effectively require listening and negotiation skills.<\/p>\n
Once the software requirements are completed, the next step is to create the system architecture or the overall design for how the software will be put together. This activity is often led by a software architect or the team leaders, \u00a0who are responsible for the technical aspect of the project. Even you may not have a lot of experience, you should participate in this activity to learn how the software will function. During this activity, every function of a product will be considered, from the screen a user will see after they click a particular button, to how the software could later be upgraded and improved. To advance to team leader position, you must learn about software architect and design process by listening and learn how others are doing it. The next step to advance in your career from a software developer is the team leader position so this should be the area that you need to learn and be good at it.<\/p>\n
After the architecture and design phases are done, you will start to write code to build the actual software product. During this time, your code will interact with others so you have to make sure that you constantly monitoring and testing to ensure different components work together. You also make sure that your code meets the customers\u2019 requirements by testing all functions carefully.<\/p>\n
After the coding phase is done, all software components will be integrated and verified in the testing phase. During this phase, issues are identified through certain tests, such as functioning test, integrated test, system test etc. to make sure the final product is working well. There is a lot to learn during the test phase as you will interact with other team members and maintain a good relationship with them. It is easy to argue and to blame somebody when things do not work well but you need to stay calm and apply your teamwork skills to ensure the harmony of the team working toward the project\u2019s goals.<\/p>\n
When a software project is more complex, developers often break the project delivery into several increment releases\u00a0 and release software to a limited number of users, and treating their use as part of the product testing of Beta testing. To get feedback from these users, you need listening skills to understand their issues and refine the way the beta software functions. In the industry, the reputation of \u00a0developers is based on their ability to work well with users, customers, as well as the quality of the software products.\u00a0 By knowing your strengths and weaknesses and constantly learning to improve your skills, you can advance in your career.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5775,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5774\/revisions\/5775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}