V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1eb1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh “th\u00f4ng minh,” nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 “gi\u1ecfi” \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y t\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 To\u00e1n hay Khoa h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u00f4n kh\u00f3 th\u1ebf? T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n?<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m d\u00f9ng m\u00f4n to\u00e1n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 to\u00e1n d\u1ec5 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i hay thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. Ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 hay tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. T\u00f4i than: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u01a1i thi c\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ra v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay?\u201d<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u1ea7y to\u00e1n, th\u1ea7y v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch hay kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cN\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y, l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cB\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTo\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u00e1 t\u1edbi t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc.” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 \u1ea5y: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao \u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm? M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 chia.” C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.\u201d T\u00f4i than: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc l\u00e0m cho to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n non. H\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 d\u1ea1y cho n\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1ch ra v\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch ra n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gh\u00e9t to\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang v\u00e0o trung h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.\u201d T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa to\u00e1n hay s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Internet. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (MOOCs) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u0169 r\u00edch. N\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ecdc sinh xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y thi. To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean logic v\u00e0 logic y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1edb. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u0129 c\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. To\u00e1n v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u minh ho\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan ho\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi trung h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00ec To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.\u201d<\/p>\n
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—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching Math and Science<\/p>\n
A few years ago, when teaching in Asia, I heard from students that STEM fields are only for \u201csmart\u201d students, but NOT for the majority who are not \u201cgood\u201d enough to study these subjects. This misinformation comes from the low grades in Math or Science students got when they were in high school. I asked my friends: \u201cWhy high school math and science are such a difficult subject? Why so many students have low grades in these subjects? Why are so many students afraid of math?<\/p>\n
A teacher explained to me that in his country, annual tests were using math subjects with the high index as the measurements of how good the students are. The reason is math is easier to grade with no controversial or bias. Either the result is correct or not so students can pass or fail. I lamented: \u201cThat is the archaic concept rooted back in the colonial time where the exam is the method to reduce the number of educated people, make it difficult for them to advance and to select a few for official positions. Why do you still using that concept even today?\u201d<\/p>\n
Several\u00a0teachers told me that in their schools, Science and Math subjects were often taught by teachers who may have nothing to do with these subject. For example, when there is no math teacher available, a literature teacher can be assigned to teach math. In many high schools, the assignment of teachers to teach certain subject was NOT based on their expertise but on who is available. In my opinion, this is a serious mistake for people to teach the subject that they are not qualified or have no interest in. I explained: \u201cIf the teacher is not interested in teaching, how could students learn?\u201d A teacher added: \u201cBesides that, we must also follow a rigid curriculum based on the textbooks but many Science textbooks have not been updated for years, so what students learned\u00a0 are already obsolete. That may be the reason that most students are not interested in Science.\u201d<\/p>\n
An elementary school teacher explained: \u201cMathematics is abstract but children cannot see it. They must visualize these concepts to solve the problem. But visualization comes from experience and relating subjects which young children may not have developed yet, so it is difficult to teach math in elementary school. I told her: \u201cWhy forcing students to learn abstract concept at an early age? All they need is simple numbering system so they can add, subtract, multiply, and divide. She said: \u201cBut that is what the textbook requires and we must teach accordingly.\u201d I lamented: \u201cThe rigid system of teaching makes mathematics a difficult and boring subject at an early age. Young Students cannot visualize the abstract concept taught by the teacher so their interest in learning is decreasing and they start to disassociation with the subject. If this disassociation continues to the next levels, these children will hate mathematics. By the time they go to high school, most will afraid of math.\u201d<\/p>\n
A teacher told me: \u201cBut that is the method that we were taught. We do not know of other ways.\u201d I explained: \u201cThere are many good math textbooks available, from elementary to high schools that you can get from the Internet. There are several good Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in science and math subjects that you can use. Your education system still follows the tradition of rote methodology. It tests students for how much they can memorize on the examination day. Mathematics does not work that way but on logic and logic requires understanding at a deeper level, not on memorization. You cannot teach math like other subjects where students memorize equations and data. If students cannot understand it thoroughly, they cannot solve the problems. Math and Science require illustration with a lot of examples so students can visualize the problems before they can solve it. By purely memorizing abstract concepts and equations, they cannot advance further. Unless your education system leaders recognize this issue and change the method of teaching, from elementary to high school, your students will NOT do well because Math and Science are the foundation of STEM fields and the key to advance in the fourth industrial revolution.\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1eb1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c STEM ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5706,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions\/5706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}