M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: “L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp? Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ai ng\u1ea9ng l\u00ean hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i k\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i, v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh nghe t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng qu\u00e3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh, v\u00e0 sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi: “Em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3? Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi th\u00eam v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Em \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.” V\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: “T\u1ea1i sao em \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y l\u00ed do.”<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, l\u1edbp y\u00ean t\u0129nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0i ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u anh ta hay c\u00f4 ta ngh\u0129, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u00f3i. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bill v\u00e0 Jane, hai em th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i cho th\u1ea7y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.” Khi Bill cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: “Kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a em nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Jane ngh\u0129?”<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u01a1 tay, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ra lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba hay b\u1ed1n c\u00e1nh tay gi\u01a1 l\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1m \u01a1n Bill, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n nghe t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.” Hay t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1ecf h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “Steve, th\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb em. M\u1eddi em chia s\u1ebb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a em v\u1edbi l\u1edbp.”<\/p>\n
Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbp s\u1ebd y\u00ean t\u0129nh; kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u01a1 tay v\u00ec h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i g\u00ec, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp y\u00ean t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i g\u00ec trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi t\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f9a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: “T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c em m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c em c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef y\u00ean t\u0129nh. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu\u00ea c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng?” T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbp s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u01a1 tay, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Class discussion<\/p>\n
A teacher asks me: “How do you get students to participate in the class discussion? When I ask a question, all I see is most students put their head down , no one looks up or says anything. Please advise.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: It is difficult to have students to participate in class discussion in the traditional education system where students are told to sit quietly to listen to the lecture. However, there are several techniques that you could use to get them to discuss in class.<\/p>\n
You should not give a long lecture, because students may get bored and not engage in the learning. To facilitate discussion, you may keep the lecture short to get students to listen well then begin with the questions. I only lecture for about fifteen minutes, mostly on the essential things then ask questions for students to answer. I start by calling the name of a few students, and after they respond, I would call another student and asked: “What do you think about that answer? After that, I continue to call a few more students to start the discussion. Sometimes a student may answer: “I agree with that answer.” And hope that would be enough. In that case, I would say: “Why do you agree with that answer? Explain to the class and me the reason.”<\/p>\n
Sometimes that technique works well but occasionally, the class is quiet, and no one would volunteer. In that case, I switch to another approach. I would ask a question but instruct students to form a pair to discuss the answer with each other. I give them a few minutes then ask one of them to provide the answer, not what he or she thinks, but what the other said. In this situation, I force students to discuss with each other. For example: “Bill and Jane, you two discuss then give me the answer.” When Bill gives the answer, I say: “No I do not want to hear your answer but what does Jane think?”<\/p>\n
In every class, there are a few dominated students who often volunteer by raising their hand, so I set a new rule that I do not call on anyone until there are at least three of four\u00a0 hands raised. By this approach, I can select students to give the answer, and avoid students who often like to speak. I may say: “Thank you Bill, but I would like to hear from others.” Or I would point to another student and said: “Steve, I have not heard from you yet. Please share your opinion with the class.”<\/p>\n
Occasionally the class would be quiet; no one raises their hand because they expect that if no one says anything, I will give the answer. So I learn to be patient by continuing to wait. If the class is quiet, I would be quiet too and let them react to my waiting. If no one says anything for a few minutes, I begin calling names to give the answer or joke about it: “Imagine that you go to a job interview, and the interviewer asks you a question, but you just sit there and keep quiet. Do you think they will hire you?” Of course, the class would laugh, and someone would raise the hand, and the class discussion begins.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: “L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp? Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5606"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5607,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5606\/revisions\/5607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}