M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi. Ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i hay h\u1ecd l\u00fang t\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
Khi b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f4i khi, sau b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp: “N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c em v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c em h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.” T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4th gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i: “Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi?” T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u1eed c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i cho t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0i th\u1ebb b\u00eca tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1c th\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 danh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean. C\u00e1c em c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft\u00a0 c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00eam n\u1eefa.” Sau b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn, t\u00f4i thu l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ebb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 danh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i gi\u1edd tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nghe c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean th\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecfi: “Sao ch\u00fang em c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00ean th\u1ebb? Sao ch\u00fang em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7y?” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: “N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em mu\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7y, hay c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn vi\u1ebft l\u00ean th\u1ebb. Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.”<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: “Ch\u00fang em c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang em kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam hay t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3.” T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Learning by asking<\/p>\n
One of the most challenging problems that I face when teaching in Asia is the lack of interaction between professor and the students. I know many students have questions, but they hesitate and do not ask. Either they feel uncomfortable or embarrassed, but if they do not ask, they cannot get an answer. Of course, for the professors, we cannot answer questions if students do not ask.<\/p>\n
When you teach science and technology, questions and answers are the most critical part of teaching and learning. There are many complex concepts and new terminologies, and without discussion, students will not learn well. Sometimes, after the lecture, I tell the class: “If you do not ask, I will call you by name and require you to ask a question.” Of course, that is not the way to get students motivated and learned.<\/p>\n
An Asian professor advised me: “For many years, these students have been told to sit quietly and listen to the lecture. Asking a question can disrupt the lecture. Why don’t you just lecture like others rather than focus on questions and answers\u00a0 method? I did not like his advice, so I try another approach.<\/p>\n
At the beginning of the class, I gave each student several blank cards for them to write their questions and said: “These are anonymous, no name. Just write a question, or let\u00a0 me know what you want me to explain more.” After the short lecture, I collected these cards and mixed them up to maintain their anonymity then read each question and answer them accordingly. At the end of the class, most students got their questions answered. They also hear other students’ questions and got the answers.<\/p>\n
At first, I only have a few questions written on the cards, but overtimes, I received more questions. After a few weeks, suddenly a student asked: “Why do we need to write a question on the card? why don’t we just ask you directly?” I told them: “If you want, you can ask me directly, or you can still write on the card. I will answer them all.”<\/p>\n
By the end of the course, most students would ask me directly, and they told me that they like this interaction better as they learn more. A student commented: “We get many questions answered, so we do not need to read more or find the answers somewhere.” I explained: “If you do not ask, you do not know. If you do not know, you do not learn. The best way to learn is by asking what you do not understand.”<\/p>\n
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M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5594"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5595,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5594\/revisions\/5595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}