M\u00f4n “Nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” l\u00e0 m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y trong l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe h\u1ecd than: “Em kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n.” “Em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.”\u00a0 V\u00e0\u00a0 “T\u1ea1i sao em ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n n\u00e0y?” Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ee5 \u00fd “Em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t m\u00f4n n\u00e0y,” v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00f4n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c sang c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c? Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc m\u1eafng em m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p v\u00ec em kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n.” T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: “Ho\u1eb7c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 sai, ho\u1eb7c em \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 \u1edf em. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu em c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, c\u1ee9 t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y.”<\/p>\n
L\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00eam trong b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2yd\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: “N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 trong b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.”\u00a0 Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean “s\u1ee3” to\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a “th\u1ea7y nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc” hay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thu l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n cho vai tr\u00f2 “chuy\u00ean gia to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc” d\u1ea1y cho l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1eebng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y cho l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 sai. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd “d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n,” h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0103n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd em bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e1n.” B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, do v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0 Sau khi cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch logic, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft; ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra cho h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hay s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdc TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hay tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh tham gia. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i sau gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp sau \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp. Sau v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Overcome the fear of a subject<\/p>\n
The “Introduction to Computer Systems” is a required course for many students at Carnegie Mellon, some of them are not Computer Science students. Since I have many of these students in the class, I often hear them lament: “I am not good at math.” “I cannot write code.”\u00a0 And\u00a0 “Why do I have to take this course?” These expressions also mean “I cannot do well on this course,” as they believe that they have no ability and probably will receive a bad grade or even fail the course.<\/p>\n
For years of teaching, I know that some students may not have a good foundation in math and science in high school and somehow they are afraid of these subjects. My concern is how could we, as teachers, help these students to change from a negative feeling to positive ones? Students who have a negative attitude about a subject do not try hard to overcome the belief that they have about themselves. A student once told me: “My high school math teacher scolded me all the time and said that I was the most stupid person that he ever met because I am not good in math.” I told him: “You can either prove that your high school teacher is wrong, or you agree with him that you are the most stupid person. It is up to you. But if you need help, please come to see me.”<\/p>\n
At the beginning of the class, I give a short test to determine who will need help. Based on the results, I recommend them to take an additional four-weeks remedial class to rebuild their foundation. I said: “If you are willing to work hard in this four weeks, you will see that these subjects are no longer obstacles to your education goals.”\u00a0 Most students who “fear” math are often victims of a “strict teacher” or had bad grades in these courses. To help them regain the confidence and put in the efforts, I ask them to teach each other on how to solve math problems. The students are assigned the role of “math experts” to teach the class, so they feel that they have something to contribute. I work with each student to make sure that they understand how to solve the problem then let them teach the class on what they have learned. Since each of them must teach, they would put more efforts to understand the process of solving the problem because no one wants to be laughed at by their friends, if they do it wrong. By letting them “teaching math,” they lose their fear of math that has been ingrained in their mind for years. By the end of the remedial class, most students told me: “Now I know that I can do the math.” By giving these students a chance to overcome their fear will let them feel confident about themselves, so they have the strength to continue with their educational journey.<\/p>\n
Although as teachers, we can encourage them to overcome their negative feeling, sometimes a direct approach is also practical.\u00a0 After giving these students an assignment, I would ask them to explain their way to solve it on a step by step and have them reflect on each step. By point out each step in a logical manner, they know what they know and do not know; where they need help, and why do they are having a problem? By going through the approach slowly step by step with them, I can show them where their weaknesses are, and how their process could be improved or corrected.<\/p>\n
In my class, the discussion is an essential element. The students must read BEFORE coming to class and ready to discuss or answer my questions. Students who have a negative feeling about public speaking are often trying to avoid to participate. By noticing these students, I ask them to come to see me after class and have a short conversation with them about their fear. I give them sample questions, and answers to read then ask them the same question in the next class so they can answer in front of the class. After a few times, most of them feel more confident and participate in class discussion on their own.<\/p>\n
As teachers, we need to help students to replace their negative feeling about a certain subject with ones that create a positive attitude toward learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00f4n “Nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” l\u00e0 m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5560"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5561,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5560\/revisions\/5561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}