M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: “Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?” T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: “B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 d\u1ec5, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m hay h\u01a1n.”<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean tranh c\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng Uber, Airbnb, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Facebook ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “\u0110\u1eebng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m khi ti\u1ec1n h\u1ebft hay khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.”<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 “v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p: S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 “Tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt.” M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “Steve Jobs” ti\u1ebfp. R\u1ed3i s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp, khi h\u1ecd tung ra website v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “Facebook” ti\u1ebfp. “Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i” t\u1edbi khi h\u1ecd thu\u00ea v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c m\u1edbi, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u0103n h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn khi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 hay h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u1ecd ti\u1ec1n.”<\/p>\n
R\u1ed3i s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi khi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu nh\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi: “Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i?” v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0i nghi li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay t\u1eeb h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t \u0111i.\u00a0 H\u00e1o h\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh lo ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ti, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang m\u1edd \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecf \u0111i. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “th\u1eddi gian li d\u1ecb” n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u1eady. C\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ee7i ro, KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu. Sau khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd: “Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ti kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The startup lifecycle<\/p>\n
One of the most asking questions in my entrepreneurship class is: “How long will it take to make a startup successful?” I often tell them: “Starting a company is easy, surviving requires a lot of efforts, but making it into a real successful business would take several years or more.”<\/p>\n
Some students argue that it only took Uber, Airbnb, and even Facebook a few years to be successful. I explained: “Do not look at the exception and believe that you could do the same. Most start-ups did not even last a year when the money ran out or when founders realize that they are chasing after an illusion.”<\/p>\n
To illustrate my view, I explain to students the “typical life cycle” of a startup: The first six months is a “Honeymoon.” All members believe in the vision and founders think they could become the next “Steve Jobs.” Then the next six months, when they launch their website and start announcing to everybody that they have a company, members are full of enthusiasm and believe that their startup could be the next “Facebook.” The “victory” comes when they rent a beautiful office with new\u00a0 furniture, instead of working in the apartment of the founders. They believe that they had made significant progress when their parents or relatives begin to give them money.”<\/p>\n
Then come next six months when the money is spent, but no revenue comes. Some members start to ask: “Where is the money?” and realize that starting a company is not that easy. Getting a few customers, many are friends and relatives, is not enough to pay for what they spent. By this time, some members begin to doubt whether they have made the right decision or not, but the founders are still determined to move ahead with additional money borrow from relatives to survive.<\/p>\n
By the end of the second year, all the enthusiasm are gone.\u00a0 The initial excitement has turned into worrying and anxiety about the vision and the product. Members begin to talk about leaving the company, and company meetings are full of arguments and anger. The notion of starting the business is fading quick, and it is hard for them to accept. This is also the time that many members understand that it may take much longer than they had hoped, and some begin to quit. The end of the second year is considered the “Divorce time” where most startup companies failed and shut down.<\/p>\n
The main reason most startups did not do well because it takes a long time to get customers and building the brand that people trust. The startup is a risky business, NOT something simple where students believe that if they have an idea, create a product ,start a company, get investment, then get rich.<\/p>\n
In my class, before starting to develop anything, all students must go out and interview,\u00a0 at least, one hundred customers to validate their idea before they can plan their startup. Only when they can verify that their concept is good and there are many customers who are willing to buy their product, then they can begin to develop the prototype. After having the prototype to validate their concept, they must go out again and meet with customers to confirm their commitment to purchase as well as asking them for additional feedback so they can improve the product. Only having positive confirmation from the customers, they can start their company. I often remind them: “No customer, No start-up.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: “Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5534,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5533\/revisions\/5534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}