Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m hay l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1edbp. H\u1ecd \u01b0a th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho XXX l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d hay \u201cEm ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 YYY?\u201d v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 A+B+C = ZZ\u201d r\u1ed3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Khi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c ghi nh\u1edb n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n KH\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi M\u00c0 C\u00d2N c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch T\u1ea0I SAO n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “C\u00e1i g\u00ec”, t\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch d\u00f9ng “c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao.\u201d H\u1ecfi “t\u1ea1i sao\u201d bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, “T\u1ea1i sao A+B+C = ZZ\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang?” hay “T\u1ea1i sao thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?” H\u1ecfi “l\u00e0m sao” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, “Bill, n\u00f3i cho th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3?” hay “Jane, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m sao em \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1?\u201d hay \u201cSteve, t\u1ea1i sao em \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3?\u201d Khi sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “\u0111\u00fang” hay “sai”. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00fang” th\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp: \u201cC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho t\u1edbi khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 “sai,” th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eeda n\u00f3 ngay. T\u00f4i \u01b0a th\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i c\u1edb nh\u01b0: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng logic v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. Th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u00ecn k\u0129 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi sinh vi\u00ean chia s\u1ebb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u00fd ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o quan s\u00e1t sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho l\u1edbp v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Qua th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u0169ng \u0111em hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o s\u1eeda cho h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Class discussion techniques<\/p>\n
Most technical students do not like to discuss in class but prefer to study by themselves. It ‘s hard to ask them to work in a group or get them to say something in class. They prefer to sit for hours in front of the computer to write a sophisticated algorithm or even stay up all night to solve complicated math equations, but get them participate in class discussion requires some techniques and a lot of patience.<\/p>\n
Many teachers often ask a question such as \u201cWhat is the solution for XXX?\u201d or \u201cWhat do you think about YYY?\u201d and the student would answer: \u201cThe solution is A+B+C = ZZ\u201d then stops, if the answer is correct, there is nothing more to say. When a student gives the right answer and confirmed by the teacher, other students memorize it and think they know the answer. However, a deeper level of understanding is NOT ONLY knowing the answer BUT ALSO be able to explain WHY it is the right answer.<\/p>\n
Instead of asking the \u201cWhat\u201d question, I prefer to use the \u201cWhy and How questions.\u201d Asking “Why\u201d always lead the student to deeper levels of understanding. For example, “Why A+B+C = ZZ\u201d is the right answer?” or “Why does that algorithm work but others do not?”Asking \u201cHow” can provide the teachers more information about the students\u2019 thought processes. For example, “Bill, tell me how do you get that answer?” or “Jane, explain to me how did you solve the problem?\u201d or \u201cSteve, why did you use that algorithm?\u201d As the student explains in detail their approach to solving problem, the teachers can observe the student’s level of understanding.<\/p>\n
For every question, there is \u201cRight\u201d or \u201cWrong\u201d answer. If the teachers confirmed that the answer is \u201cRight.\u201dthen students will not think more about it. It would be better if the teachers ask the class: \u201cIs that a correct answer or not?\u201d and force everyone to keep thinking and solving the problem until most agree with the answer. Even if the answer is \u201cWrong,\u201d the teachers should not correct it right away. I prefer to ask the student to explain the approach to solving the problem. The key is to get students to explain their logic and learn from their mistakes. If the students know that their answer is not correct, they do not want to make their mistakes to be discussed in front of the class. I often use an excuse such as: \u201cMany students also use that same logic and come up with the same answer like that. This type of response happens all the time. I think we need to look closely to this approach because all of us can learn from it.\u201d<\/p>\n
Class discussions allow students to consider various viewpoints on an issue. When students share their opinions, thoughts, and solutions about course materials, students learn from others.\u00a0 It also let the teachers observe their students on how well they understand the materials. Another advantage is that students become responsible for the class and their own learning as they are assuming more actively than just sit quietly and listen to a lecture. Through the discussion, students can explore a lot more detail and understand at a deeper level. The application of class discussions also brings their understanding to the open and allow the teachers to correct them, which makes learning more efficiently than another teaching approach.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5490"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5491,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5490\/revisions\/5491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}