M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 v\u00ec th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y \u1edf M\u0129. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian cho h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i trang t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa l\u00e0 ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian khi m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ecd quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n quay l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u TR\u01af\u1edaC KHI t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Trong ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, “C\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” hay “Ki\u1ec3u Boolean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” T\u00f4i c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. L\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra theo c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn, bao g\u1ed3m ba hay b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, m\u1ed9t trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fang. B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc. Sau b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn, qu\u00e3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft; r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean v\u00e0 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh “H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc”, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG h\u1ecdc ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta KH\u00d4NG l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 B\u00c2Y GI\u1edc, khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i? L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd s\u1ebd thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee3i cho th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o r\u00f3t “tri th\u1ee9c” v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng? Khi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o say s\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i hay b\u1ea1n trai?<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra qui t\u1eafc m\u1edbi, mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc quay v\u00e0o b\u00e0i l\u00e0m trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A new way to teach<\/p>\n
A teacher wrote to me: “It is easy for you to write about Active learning because you are teaching in the U.S. Do you think the students from other countries will learn the course materials by themselves? Do you think students will read materials before the class? Have you ever taught Active learning outside the U.S.? Please comment.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: I think most students will like the Active learning when they understand the benefits of this method. It may take time for them to change, but they will follow our instructions because as teachers, we set the rules and if they do not follow, they will not pass the course.<\/p>\n
Based on my teaching experience, I think that given clear objectives and expectations, most students can learn the basic materials BEFORE coming to class. It is was a waste of class time to stand in front of the class and read several pages from a textbook where students can read them on their own.\u00a0 For many years of teaching both in the U.S. and in many countries in Europe and Asia, I always use this method, and most students told me that when they get used to this way of learning, they never want to go back to the old way of passively listening to a long lecture.<\/p>\n
To help students learn the materials BEFORE coming to class, I assign several short readings containing information that students will need for class discussion. In the assignment, I put in few questions for them to answers. For example, “What is a Binary Tree?” or What is a Boolean type?” I also ask them to think of three questions to ask during class. My class begins with a short quiz, consist of three or four questions, one of them is already posted in the reading assignment. If they read the materials, they should be able to answer them. The quiz is short and designed to make sure that students understand the reading materials. After the quiz, I give a short lecture, about fifteen minutes, on the course topic and important concepts that students should know; then I start the discussion by raising questions to get students to answer.<\/p>\n
In the beginning, of course, students like to sit quietly and listen to a lecture because that is easy for them. But they need to “Learn how to study” by themselves, and they will NOT learn unless we require them to do so. It is hard to change a habit, but if we do NOT do it NOW, when do we think they will change? As teachers, we often forget that students not only need to learn the course material, they must also learn to make decisions about what they need to know and how they will acquire that knowledge.<\/p>\n
Some teachers are coming to class with the assumptions that students are NOT capable, NOT knowing anything. And they will wait for the teachers to pour “knowledge” into their head. Do teachers know that even when they lecture, some students are reading text messages? When teachers passionately explain an equation, many students are only thinking about movies stars, girlfriends or boyfriends?<\/p>\n
How do we change the way students learn and give them a different learning experience? We set new rules, new expectations and enforce it. When the first time I told students to read before coming to class, only a few did. But at the beginning of the class, I gave a quiz with questions from the reading materials. I pretend not to notice that most of the students were embarrassed. Those who read turn in their quiz within five minutes but those who did not read, could not finish the quiz. And the quiz was part of their grade for that class. If students fail five quizzes, they will not pass the course. The next class, all students came prepared and readied for the quiz.<\/p>\n
I believe by setting clear rules and expectation that students must learn the material on their own, we are changing their bad study habit and developing a new attitude that students can learn by themselves and become life-long learners.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “Th\u1ea7y vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 v\u00ec th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y \u1edf M\u0129. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5480"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5481,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480\/revisions\/5481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}