Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eafm nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edf ra b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p hay s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ecdc sinh trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec can thi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, d\u00f9ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Internet m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 (IoT) r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp, v.v.”<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd tin c\u1eady r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c thay v\u00ec cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai. Khi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra cho h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u0103m nom v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i th\u00edch th\u00eam kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7y c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng Google. Ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng Google h\u1ed9 th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c tham gia l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Internet m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt (IoT) l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao? Ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi?” hay “Bill, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a em l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt (IoT)?” L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 trong l\u1edbp. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ea1y li\u00ean quan. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Th\u1ea7y th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u Bob n\u00f3i, b\u1ea1n \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Bob.”<\/p>\n
Khi h\u1ecdc sinh cho th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan hay c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai, t\u00f4i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec3m hay s\u1eeda sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bob, Internet m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt (IoT) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m IoT m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.” Hay “IoT l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m sao em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng? L\u00e0m sao nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y k\u00e8m, t\u00f4i gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bob, em \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a em l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi ch\u00fat \u00edt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1ea7y ngh\u0129 em s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n sau.”\u00a0 Hay “James, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a em t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, em c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a em l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng em c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a em n\u1eefa.” Hay “\u0110\u1eebng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a em khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, em bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a em nh\u01b0ng em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch em \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i n\u00f3.”<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u1ea1y, t\u00f4i tin th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.\u00a0 Khi h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh th\u0103m d\u00f2 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa hay nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1edbp trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn khi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Teaching by Discussion<\/p>\n
In the class discussion, the teachers must be flexible and assume multiple roles such as a teacher, facilitator, coach, and mentor to get students feel comfortable in sharing information and discuss different views.<\/p>\n
As the teachers, we have to prepare the materials and questions before the class so we can talk about relevant content without referring to a notes or textbooks. We also need to monitor students behaviors in class and determine when to intervene if certain activities are out of control. And if necessary, use authority and experiences to manage classroom discussions. As a teacher, I often begin the class by giving a short lecture to summarize important concepts. For example: “Today, we will learn about the Internet of Things (IoT) then discuss the assigned articles that you have read before coming to class, etc.”<\/p>\n
During the discussion, it is important for the teachers to be honest and establish a collaborative climate in the classroom. There will be questions that even you may not know the answer, but as long as you admit that you do not know, the students will trust that you are honest instead of giving the wrong answer. As long as you remain calm and show students that you care and have patience with them, the discussion will go well. For example, I like to add humor to a situation to make the students feel comfortable. When a student asks a question that I do not have the answer, I may say: “That is a difficult question, I do not know how to answer, maybe I need to ask Mr. Google. Can someone ask Mr. Google for me.”<\/p>\n
As a facilitator, I ask questions to help students start the discussion and manage the class participation to make sure that all students are focusing on the course materials, and not going far into something else. For example: “What are the major issues of the Internet of Things (IoT) and why? Who wants to volunteer?” or “Bill, what is your opinion on the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT)?” As a facilitator, I have to monitor the discussion and intervene when necessary to maintain orderly in class. As a facilitator, I have to integrate student’s views into the discussion and use those views to illustrate relevant teaching points. For example: “I like what Bob is saying, he understands it well, and we can explain the concept using Bob’s example.”<\/p>\n
When students give irrelevant information or wrong answer, I act like a coach to guide them get to the right points or correct their mistake. For example: “Bob, the Internet of Things (IoT) is an integration of both hardware and software technology, not just hardware. You cannot do IoT without software.” Or “IoT is a combination of things, computation, and communication. How can you connect things without communication? How can these things talk to others?”<\/p>\n
As the mentor, I help students to apply what they have learned and also help them with their feelings too. For example: “Bob, you are doing fine, although your answer is not clear, with a little practice, I think you will do better next time.”\u00a0 Or “James, to get your opinion to others, you need to have effective presentation skills. Your view is excellent, but you need to improve your presentation more.” Or “Do not look at your note when present, you know your position well but you need to know what you are going to say and how you are going to say it.”<\/p>\n
For many years of teaching, I believe discussions allow students to learn more.\u00a0 As they share their views and ask questions of others, they learn from others’ answers and make the class more exciting than just listen to a long lecture. The use of discussions also allows students to explore a topic more deeply than just reading from textbooks or listening to a lecture. Having class discussion will also help teachers to enjoy teaching more because you can see the exciting and vibrant in the class during the discussions when your students are actively learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eafm nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, hu\u1ea5n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5416"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5417,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5416\/revisions\/5417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}