L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng hay b\u1eadn g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh; n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1ee3t hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch danh\u00a0c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bill, em ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 XYZ?” hay “Bob, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i n\u00e0y?” \u0110\u00f4i khi thay v\u00ec g\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecdn ba hay b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: “Bill \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Em n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?” B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n
Khi h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sang chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc; ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eafn, th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat ch\u1ec9 bao qu\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 truy t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129? Em c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng?” “Em ngh\u0129 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 M\u0129? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m?”<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp th\u00fa v\u1ecb, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu. L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111em m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi d\u1ea1y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 Bill Gates hay Elon Musk \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3 Bill Gates v\u00e0 Elon Musk \u0111\u1ec1u coi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng?” B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi “T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Google \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o? T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p? Em\u00a0n\u00e0o ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n? N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady hay n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1eady?”<\/p>\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec, nh\u1ecbp h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, ch\u00fang ta m\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecdc sinh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
To discuss is to learn<\/p>\n
As teachers, we all have been in the situation when students sit in class but do not pay attention to the lecture or busy texting in their smartphone. Some teachers ignore that as they believe learning is the students’ responsibility; if they do not pay attention, they do not learn and fail. However, as teachers, do we want our students to fail or not learning? There are techniques that we can help students actively involved in their learning.<\/p>\n
To make sure students are paying attention to the lecture, I often call students by name and ask questions that they must answer. For example: “Bill, what do you think about XYZ?” or “Bob, which algorithm is better to solve this problem?” Sometimes instead of calling a student to answer, I ask the whole class to write their answers on a piece of paper then select three or four answers and read them to the class for others to comment. In that case, students have to defense their position on what they wrote. For example, I said: “Bill wrote that robots could be smarter than human? Does anyone have a different opinion?” By keeping the whole class busy, I do not have to deal with students regularly look at the smartphone.<\/p>\n
When students do not pay attention, their mind jumps from one thing to another, and they do not learn as they are focusing on other information. My view is to keep students to pay attention and learn; we have to engage them in a way that makes it difficult for them to pay attention to anything else. I keep my lecture short, usually about fifteen minutes just to cover some important concepts then begin to ask questions and start a class discussion.<\/p>\n
To make class discussion vibrant, the teachers have to create a climate of collaboration where students feel comfortable to share what they have learned. I like to ask questions that focus on their curiosity and inquiry instead of something that they can get answers from textbooks. I want them to think deeper and process information logically rather just than memorizing something. For example: “Why companies are moving the factories back to the U.S.? Do you think manufacturing outsourcing is gone?” “What do you think China must do when most of their factories closed and relocated back to the U.S.? What will happen to million of workers that suddenly lost their jobs?<\/p>\n
Today, students are very active. If the class is interesting, they can concentrate on those activities and learn. However, when the class is not engaging, students will find other things to occupy their minds. As teachers, we need to challenge them, make them think, make them learn, and make them feel that the class is interesting. We need to be creative in the way we teach; we need to understand what they are interested in and bring some relevant information to the classroom, some may not necessary related to the textbook. For example, when teaching artificial intelligence, I begin with information about their heroes like Bill Gates or Elon Musk to get their attention then relate to course materials later. For example: “Do you know why both Bill Gates and Elon Musk considered artificial intelligence could be a threat to human? Does anyone know why?” By starting the discussion first, I get the class excite and begin to discuss before lecture on the main topic of artificial intelligence and what it is. I also ask “Why Google founders did not believe in artificial intelligence? Why do they think intelligence is nothing but a sophisticated algorithm? Does anyone think intelligence is an algorithm? Is it or is it not?”<\/p>\n
For many years, we make all the decisions about learning for the students. We decide what students will learn, the pace, the conditions, and whether students have learned it or not, we test them and assess them. However, with class discussion, we invite students in a new learning approach by giving students some control. We let them start making small decisions on what topics they want to discuss, what they are interested in, what is important to them, and guide them to learn the important concept then we can watch what happens to their learning.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi b\u00e0i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5409"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5410,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5409\/revisions\/5410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}