M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan hay sai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp hoang mang? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecdc sinh. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u0129 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u00edch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u00eam t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa hay nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. V\u00ec tham gia v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c nhau khi h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi h\u1ecdc sinh cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan hay sai, t\u00f4i s\u1eeda ngay cho h\u1ecd, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoang mang trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia, n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tham gia, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: “Ai \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, gi\u01a1 tay?” B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd) v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch danh t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1edbi l\u1edbp. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ai hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “T\u1ea1i sao Elon Musk ngh\u0129 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc AI ?” “T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n AI?” \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd nh\u1edb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bill, em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng.” “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat?” C\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ebd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bob, em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng.” Sau khi anh ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi l\u1edbp: “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng hay v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec?”<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: “Bob, l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m X l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” “Em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y?” “L\u00e0m sao em \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3?”\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi “Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u00f4m nay? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea7y?” Hay “Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c?”<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a tham gia v\u00e0o trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
—English version—<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Class discussion<\/p>\n
A teacher wrote to me: “How do you know that class discussion is a better way for students to learn? What happens if students give an irrelevant or wrong answers and confuse the class? I am not convinced that discussion is good for my students.”<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Answer: As teachers, we all have a choice to select the best teaching method for the students. Even in the U.S. some professors like class discussion when others do not. I have been using this method for many years, and my students told me that participation in class discussions helped their learning. Some of them said that getting additional views from others helped broaden their knowledge than just reading textbooks or listen to a lecture. Since participate in the discussion is required in my class, my students have to prepare to discuss whenever they are called, so they have to learn more as no one want to be embarrassed in front of the class. During the discussion, the concepts are often repeated several times by different students when they explain their understanding, so students learn more. When students give irrelevant or wrong answers, I correct them immediately, so there is no confusion in my class.<\/p>\n
Class discussion is not a random activity. I always plan them carefully to make sure the students are learning the materials well. I monitor the discussion to make sure all students are participating, if someone does not, I will call him or her by name. For example, I ask: “Who agree with the author ‘s view on artificial intelligence, raise your hand?” By having students to take a position (Agree or disagree) on an issue, I could call each one by name and ask them to express their opinion from the article that they read before coming to class. In that case, I know who understand the materials and who do not.<\/p>\n
Sometimes, I ask students to discuss different views between the textbook and what they read from assigned articles to make the discussion more lively. For example: “Why do Elon Musk think Artificial Intelligence (AI) is dangerous? Why are we learning AI ?” “Why do we need AI?” Sometimes I ask students to summarize their learning to help them remember the materials better. For example: “Bill, can you summarize what you have read in the article.” “Can anyone summarize the key concept in a short sentence for less than one minute? There is a time where I would ask students to draw the ideas on the board and let others comment on it. For example: “Bob, could you draw a data-flow diagram of the assigned project on the board.” After he did, I would ask the class: “Is that diagram completed or still missing anything?”<\/p>\n
I believe that students learn more when teachers and students both ask and answer questions during the discussions. I always encourage students to ask questions when they do not understand something, but if they do not ask, I will ask them. For example: “Bob, what is the reason for doing X?” “What can you conclude from these data?” “How did you come to that conclusion?”\u00a0 Sometimes I start the class with one question which students must give the answer at the end of class to make sure that they are listening to the lecture and thinking and processing information to come up with the answer. At the end of each class, I often ask “What have we learned today? Can anyone summarize that for me?” Or “What was the most important concept we learn today? Why it is important than others?”.<\/p>\n
Some students learn by listening, and others by reading, but until they participate in the discussion, they do not know how much they know or whether what they learn is deep enough for them to solve problems. There is more than one solution for any problem, and by participate in the class discussion, they may learn about others’ views that maybe better than their solution.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: “L\u00e0m sao th\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5405,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5404\/revisions\/5405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}